Soh

 Ryan: “interesting I thought AtR emphasizes non-arising?  the perception that objects are not actually present at all”



Soh to Mr. RB:


Atr / john tan emphasizes +a and -a (as described in the shorter atr practice guide and longer original atr guide)


John Tan said years ago:


“No appearances just mean the conceptual notions of mind, appearances and external objects are all deconstructed.

It doesn't mean a blank nothing.

Vivid Appearances will unfailingly manifest, that is what Mipham meant by coalescence of appearance and emptiness.


From the perspective of mind (alaya), negation is non-affirming and thorough.

From the non-conceptual gnosis standpoint, nothing is obstructed nor denied.

What appears is unconditioned, spontaneous, natural and beyond elaborations.



From ATR perspective that is -A. But it is also +A. 

For both shares similar taste if no-self nature is the focus instead of conceptualities.

Therefore study both masters Mipham and Tsongkhapa with respect and reverence and don't talk nonsense.


If there is alternation between +A and -A, that is arya along the path.  If there is no alternation, that is buddhahood.

That is just my opinion.”




——



Mr. RB said


“Soh Wei Yu how would you describe non-arising experientially?  


the blending of A+ and A- minus emptiness when I’ve done the contemplations opens a natural state of phenomena being immense, immediate but also transparent holographic-like.  As if what’s arising is not actually there or present at all.”



Soh replied


“Designations Turn Alive


John Tan said,


When Dogen rows the boat, the rowing makes the boat a boat and makes the hand, the sea, wooden oars and the movement of the boat into the "rowing". The designations turns "alive" yet r like mere reflections.


Why is it like water pouring in water? Because one tastes the hand, the sea, the wooden oars going beyond their designated boundaries into one seamless (like pour water in water) action of rowing. There is no self, only that action of rowing.


With anatta and dependent arising, u will feel immense inter-relatedness yet empty like reflections even in the world of conceptualities.


The father is dependent on the son and the son makes the father a father. Don't just look at the logic, see how much emotions and love are invested in them. There are no "things" and "world" other than that.


So it is not about just that which is direct, clean, brilliance, non-dual, non-conceptual and transparent which is empty like space; u must re-enter the world, dirty ur hands and see conventionalities with this new found insights of selflessness and DO...see the whole chain of arisings...so intricate yet empty like reflections.


André A. Pais: John Tan, good stuff! Is there more from where this came? 


John Tan: Hi André, some blah blah blah on the spur of the moment when Soh was discussing with me total exertion and emptiness. Intuitively I was sensing him skewing towards empty reflection in non-referential presence while attempting to integrate emptiness and total exertion at that time.


So just brought out this “dependent designation” as it can serve as a bridge to link the two (empty reflection and total exertion).


Sometimes we can latched on to the so called higher teachings of “already perfection”, “emptiness”, “no karma”, “no this and that” and subtly hypnotizing ourselves into a fabricated liberated state. This is precisely the question dogen had in mind, if we are already enlightened, why practice? If we have buddha-nature, why attain enlightenment? These questions set him on a journey to china in search of the answer. He came back with “practice-enlightenment”, we do not practice to get enlightened, we practice because we are enlightened – practice-enlightenment.


Therefore my intention is simply trying to bring out the point of not being afraid of self, not being afraid of cause and effect and dependencies, look directly into the world of samsara, look into the world of conventionalities and see the beauty of conceptualities. Even in market place, the taste of non-referential presence is never lost but fully present!


For articles about dogen and total exertion, I would recommend Ted Biringer. Ted has a unique way of triggering one into the taste of total exertion through seeing dependencies with his writings. As for write ups integrating emptiness, dependent designations and total exertion into a piece, I don’t think there is any…haha”


“.....


The weight of thoughts -- Part 1


When contemplating, do not just let our contemplation remain as a mental reasoning exercise.  For example: 


What appears is neither "internal" nor "external". For the notion of "internality" is dependent on the notion of "externality", without either, the sense of neither can arise.  Therefore both notions r merely conventional, they originates dependently.


Do not just let our contemplation remain at this level. If we do that, at most the freedom will simply remain at the mental level -- merely a pellucid, pure and clean state.  It is no different from practicing raw attention although insight on how conceptualities proliferate the mind may arise. 


But go further to relate directly to our sensations, thoughts, smells, colors, tastes, sounds and ask: 


"What do we mean by thoughts are neither inside nor outside our head?" 


Seeing through this will be much more penetrating.  It will bring a deep sense of illusoriness and mystical awe as a real-time lived-experience.


.....


The weight of thoughts -- Part 2


How heavy are thoughts?

Where are their roots? 


It is not uncommon to hear in the spiritual circle phrases like "the 'I' is just a thought" or "thought is empty and spacious, there is no weight or root to it". 


While the rootlessness and the space-like nature of "thoughts" should be pointed out, one must not be misled into thinking they have seen through "anything" much less up-rooted the deeply seated conceptual notions of "I/mine", "body/mind", "space/time"...etc. 


So emphasis must also be placed on the other side of the coin. "Thoughts" are astonishingly heavy like a black-hole (size of a pinhole, weight of a star); the roots of conceptual notions" they carry permeate our entire being and everywhere. 


The "roots" of thoughts are no where to be found also means they can be found anywhere and everywhere, spreaded across the 3 times and 10 directions -- in modern context, over different time-lines across the multiverse.  In other words, "this arises, that arises".


.....


In anatta, we see through self as a mental construct and one is set on a de-constructive journey to free oneself from all mental constructs, from self to all phenomena and the relationships among them.


However when we see dependent arising, nothing is eliminated.

Conceptualization remains, parts remain, cause-effect remains, self remains, others remains...Everything remains, only the mistaken view of "essence" is relinquished.


Instead of seeing them to exist essentially, it is now understood that they originates dependently and whatever originates in dependence is free from the four pairs of extremes (aka 8 negations of Nagarjuna).


Without understanding dependent arising and emptiness, spontaneous perfection free from all elaborations will be distorted.”


“Some stuff i wrote before:


Earlier today i was awoken by a sound.. then it was intuited the sound is not something somewhere, has no location, no origin, no coming and no going, mere dependent origination


When looking at seaside sea waves it occurs to me the sea waves was also a good example of dependent origination


Under imputation it appears sea waves are one thing that moves from one location to another (ultimately the sea shore). When seen carefully the sea wave is not actually one thing but actually countless of tiny waves and each moment of if the waving the patterns look entirely different. So one moment of wave and next moment of wave are neither the same not different but dependently originates. Every moment of waving is merely the dependent origination of all factors and consciousness dependently originating as the mere luminous appearance without anything there, no coming, no going, no arising, no abiding and no cessation


John tan replied, “Quite good.  Dependent arising is to help us overcome essense view.  We don't really understand what freedom from "essence", normally weq use essential view to understand what is non-essential.  When we keep practicing seeing emptiness and DO, everything turns insubstantial, essenceless without substance, intimate and seamless...from there on, u should quit "thinking" but learn to "feel" and sense directly and effortlessly. Taste radiance as appearances and no more "analyse" about it.


The language that structures  into subject-action-object is a clumsy and not a suitable way to express radiance, but that doesn't mean there is no way to express at all, it is just imo complex.  Like I told u before, mathematics is also a form of language that can allow us to understand patterns in a much deeper and flexible way.  But if one is untrained, it is difficult to communicate in that form of language or communicate like dogen.


Radiance is so mystical and magical, don't frame it with anything.  Once anatta matures, use ur entire body-mind to feel it's dynamism.”


—-


(Inherent view) Its the sense that phenomena exists, arise and abide and cease and stands alone by itself. Like for example moon exist inside water or even just that the presence is something “just there”.. instead of the vivid appearance is empty and non arisen, a mere vivid shimmering that dependently originates, appears but nothing there, a vivid and luminous mirage. Even a minutest sense of something there blocks the vision of dependent origination and emptiness, union of appearance and emptiness . We feel the trees and flowers and sky are “just there” instead of like reflections in total exertion


….


Actually nowadays in practice i dont really have much designations or referents.. its oceanic and boundless whether in sitting or movement. In a sense its similar to infinitude of universe like AF except there is no solidity.. its just dependent origination and emptiness in action like when you move the whole infinite net of indra reflects accordingly. The dependent origination its not like inherent cause and effect.. In moving its not like body interacting with environment but like infinite reflections in total exertion, like the whole universe is the movement not i moving. When sitting there is no me or body mind sitting like out of body into boundless and oceanic but there is no sense of a self expanding outward, just natural and spontaneous presence like whole universe is sitting. Gapless distanceless without boundaries and radiant but nothing there.. no seer, no seeing, nothing seen and also no universe to ground in.. i dunno if im skewing to radiance but i seldom engage in analysis nowadays. Or its good for me to do more analysis


——


John tan also wrote:


“Ic.  Next time just total exertion of whole immense arising and empty...see can 相应”


John tan wrote many comments but too long to post”


Soh

Wrote these to someone who argued that nirodha samapatti (cessation of perceptions and feelings) is equivalent to nibbana/nirvana.


I told him he is definitely wrong.


Soh:


Nibbana literally means cessation. However, it is not the cessation of perception and feeling (nirodha samapatti).


As Geoff (Author of Measureless Mind, see: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2018/12/the-meaning-of-nirvana.html and https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2012/09/great-resource-of-buddha-teachings.html) wrote,


Firstly, nibbana isn't a "state." Secondly, nibbana is the cessation of passion, aggression, and delusion. For a learner it is the cessation of the fetters extinguished on each path. The waking states where "suddenly all sensations and six senses stop functioning" are (1) mundane perceptionless samadhis, and (2) cessation of apperception and feeling. Neither of these are supramundane and neither of these are synonymous with experiencing nibbana.


All the best,


Geoff”


Liberation is the cessation of dukkha, it is the end of appropriating aggregates (see: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2020/08/what-does-it-mean-that-appropriated.html) in terms of I and mine, however it is not an unconscious state. Instead, as Geoff wrote,


https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2012/09/great-resource-of-buddha-teachings.html


“AN 4.24 Kāḷakārāma Sutta:

Thus, monks, the Tathāgata does not conceive an [object] seen when seeing what is to be seen. He does not conceive an unseen. He does not conceive a to-be-seen. He does not conceive a seer. 


He does not conceive an [object] heard when hearing what is to be heard. He does not conceive an unheard. He does not conceive a to-be-heard. He does not conceive a hearer. 


He does not conceive an [object] sensed when sensing what is to be sensed. He does not conceive an unsensed. He does not conceive a to-be-sensed. He does not conceive a senser. 


He does not conceive an [object] known when knowing what is to be known. He does not conceive an unknown. He does not conceive a to-be-known. He does not conceive a knower.



This is the freedom of absence which is revealed through the complete recognition of selflessness. Ud 1.10 Bāhiya Sutta:

‘The seen will be merely the seen, the heard will be merely the heard, the sensed will be merely the sensed, the known will be merely the known.’ This is how you should train, Bāhiya. 


When, Bāhiya, for you the seen will be merely the seen, the heard will be merely the heard, the sensed will be merely the sensed, the known will be merely the known, then Bāhiya, you will not be that. When, Bāhiya, you are not that, then Bāhiya, you will not be there. When, Bāhiya, you are not there, then Bāhiya, you will be neither here nor beyond nor between-the-two. Just this is the end of unsatisfactoriness.



The awakened mind is measureless (appamāṇacetasa), free from any sort of measuring (pamāṇa). In evocative terms, an awakened one is deep (gambhīra), boundless (appameyya), and fathomless (duppariyogāḷha). Utterly free from any reference to specifically fabricated consciousness (viññāṇasaṅkhayavimutta). “Gone” (atthaṅgata), the measureless mind is untraceable (ananuvejja) even here and now. It doesn’t abide in the head, or in the body, or anywhere else for that matter. It doesn’t have size or shape. It’s not an object or a subject.


Just as the sky is formless and non-illustrative, the measureless mind is non-illustrative and non-indicative (anidassana). This effortless clarity is unmediated by any specific fabrication or volitional intention. It is unaffected knowing: The seen is merely the seen (diṭṭhamatta). The heard is merely the heard (sutamatta). The sensed is merely the sensed (mutamatta). The known is merely the known (viññātamatta). But there is no you there. Of course, this liberating gnosis and vision can’t adequately be pointed out or indicated by words alone. It is to be individually experienced (paccatta veditabba).”





------




No, you are not providing any scriptural citation, and you will never find any scriptural citations that state nirodha samapatti = nibbana. To state nirodha samapatti is nibbana is wrong view. Buddha never taught that. The third noble truth is specifically the cessation of craving, or the three poisons of passion, aggression and delusion. It has nothing to do with nirodha samapatti.


Nirodhasamāpatti is an actual meditative attainment but it is not nibbana.


And whatever teachers that taught that nibbana is nirodha samapatti is wrong and mistaken.


And as Geoff said,


Excerpt from https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2018/12/the-meaning-of-nirvana.html


The suttas define and describe the goal in sufficient terms. The difficulty in this discussion relates to whether one accepts what the canon states about the fruition of the path, or alternatively, accepts much later commentarial interpretations of the "path-moment" and "fruition-moment" as re-interpreted by a few 20th century Burmese monks. Without sufficient common ground for discussion there isn't much possibility of meaningful dialogue.


.........


I was just paraphrasing the professor's own words. Karunadasa's The Dhamma Theory: Philosophical Cornerstone of the Abhidhamma:

What emerges from this Abhidhammic doctrine of dhammas is a critical realism, one which recognizes the distinctness of the world from the experiencing subject yet also distinguishes between those types of entities that truly exist independently of the cognitive act and those that owe their being to the act of cognition itself.

He goes on to say that "a dhamma is a truly existent thing (sabh�vasiddha)." This is a completely realist view. And the inevitable consequence entailed by this realist view, wherein all conditioned dhammas are "truly existing things," is that path cognitions and fruition cognitions of each of the four paths and fruits must occur within an utterly void vacuum state cessation, which is considered to be the ultimately existent "unconditioned." This is described by Jack Kornfield:


In Mahasi’s model, enlightenment—or at least stream-entry, the first taste of nirvana—comes in the form of a cessation of experience, arising out of the deepest state of concentration and attention, when the body and mind are dissolved, the experience of the ordinary senses ceases, and we rest in perfect equanimity. We open into that which is unconditioned, timeless, and liberating: nirvana.... But there are a lot of questions around this kind of moment. Sometimes it seems to have enormously transformative effects on people. Other times people have this moment of experience and aren’t really changed by it at all. Sometimes they’re not even sure what happened.


This notion of path and fruition cognitions is not supported by the Pali canon. Moreover, there are now numerous people who've had such experiences sanctioned by "insight meditation" teachers, and who have gone on to proclaim to the world that arahants can still experience lust and the other defiled mental phenomena. Taking all of this into account there is no good reason whatsoever to accept this interpretation of path and fruition cognitions. Void vacuum state cessations are not an adequate nor reliable indication of stream entry or any of the other paths and fruitions.


All the best,

Geoff”


—-



My point is that Mahasi is wrong about this point. I do not wish to go into the details of his wrong views but suffice to say, he or his students misunderstood the stream entry moment as a blackout cessation. This is not the same as the actual attainment of stream entry as explained in https://www.reddit.com/r/streamentry/comments/igored/insight_buddhism_a_reconsideration_of_the_meaning/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=iossmf%20



By the way, all Arahants have attained nibbana, but not all arahants have experienced nirodha samapatti.


Geoff:


“Hi Zom & all,


All four main Nikāya-s define right concentration (sammāsamādhi) as the four jhāna-s (D ii 313, M iii 252, S v 10, A ii 25). AN 3.88 (A i 235) lists the four jhāna-s as the training of heightened mind (adhicittasikkhā). SN 48.10 (S v 198) lists the four jhāna-s as the faculty of concentration (samādhindriya) as practiced by a noble disciple (ariyasāvaka). AN 5. 14 (A iii 11) lists the four jhāna-s as the strength of concentration (samādhibala) as practiced by a noble disciple (ariyasāvaka). Moreover, SN 12.70 (S ii 121) and AN 4.87 (A ii 87) both state that there are arahants who don't have the formless attainments. And of 500 arahants mentioned in SN 8.7 (S i 191), only 60 are said to be liberated both ways (i.e. have mastery of the formless attainments).


Also, in the Dhammasaṅgaṇi, where the distinction is made between mundane form sphere jhāna (rūpāvacarajjhāna) and formless sphere jhāna (arūpāvacarajjhāna) on the one hand, and supramundane jhāna (lokuttarajjhāna) needed for all four paths on the other hand, supramundane jhāna is defined exclusively as the four jhāna-s (or five by dividing the first jhāna into two).


In none of these instances are the four formless attainments or the cessation attainment ever mentioned in the context of right concentration as a component of the noble eightfold path. Thus your equating nibbāna with the cessation of apperception and feeling is unsustainable, since it is entirely possible to realize nibbāna without ever experiencing the cessation attainment.


All the best,


Geoff”


“Nibbāna is the realization of the noble truth of the cessation of unsatisfactoriness (dukkhanirodha ariyasacca), which is not synonymous with nirodhasamāpatti. DN 22:

  • And what is the noble truth of the cessation of stress? The remainderless fading & cessation, renunciation, relinquishment, release, & letting go of that very craving [for sensual pleasure, craving existence, craving non-existence].

Your interpretation of the supramundane paths and fruitions is not supported by the Pāli Tipiṭaka. This has already been pointed out on this thread. Your interpretation of fruition attainment isn't supported by the Pāli Tipiṭaka either.


All the best,


Geoff”


“Hi Zom,


Even in the Visuddhimagga the cessation attainment (nirodhasamāpatti), a.k.a. the cessation of apperception and feeling (saññāvedayitanirodha), while nominally mentioned as similar to nibbāna in a couple of passages, nevertheless is not the same as nibbāna. Visuddhimagga 23.52: 

  • As to the question: Is the attainment of cessation formed or unformed, etc.? It is not classifiable as formed or unformed, mundane or supramundane. Why? Because it has no individual essence. But since it comes to be attained by one who attains it, it is therefore permissible to say that it is produced, not unproduced.

It also can't be designated as the same as nibbāna because, as the Visuddhimagga points out, the cessation attainment requires mastery of the four formless attainments before it can be entered. Since there are arahants who haven't developed the formless attainments, they are incapable of attaining the cessation of apperception and feeling. Nevertheless, they are fully liberated through discernment.


All the best,


Geoff”

Soh

 Commenting on a certain teacher’s writings, John Tan wrote,


“When we say "Mind is the great earth", the first step is to understand and taste what is mind before we go a step further.


If the teaching doesn't teach and taste what mind is, then it is just beautiful talks and grandious speech.


Next one has to point out what is "great earth"?  Where is this "great earth"?  The soil, the ground, the flower, the air or buildings or the conventional world?


Then talk about what is total exertion they have been talking?


Then the integration of the mind and total exertion and that is +A.”



Soh: "Just now i printed hong wen liang article for my mom, was reminded of what you said when listening to this passage


色相也是,我看到你的时候,我的『妙净明心』,以你的色相,以你的色相就是我的动,不是我这里catch, 我知道,不是这样。你的色相就是我的『妙净明心』那样子动,所以有那个色相。色相就是我的『妙净明心』那样才有你的色相。所以,『在一切尘、一切刹』,你 到美国,美国的样子就是你的『妙净明心』以美国的样子动,看到苏联人哦哦哦地叫,那个声音就是我的妙净明心以那个声音的姿态动。知道或不知道是意识,但是 耳朵照样显现那个声音。所以,『在一切尘、一切刹』,你想到五千年前,思想上即会想到五千年前。“五千年前”的这个思想本身就是我的『妙净明心』那动, “啊,五千年前”,否则,你怎知道五千年前?你的『妙净明心』都是它去想,那个思想本身就是它的动呀。所以,『在一切尘、一切刹』,都是去到哪里,听到哪 里,想到哪里,就是显现嘛。所以,『与法界等』,不是另外有一个法界在,你的『妙净明心』在去等到,去认知,那就根本不是佛法了。这样你的我相怎抛开呢? 这个非常非常重要,你好好地自己亲证到、确认的时候,就是enlightened。 确认之前都有我,好像我有一个『妙净明心』在这里照、照、照。听的、看的,到哪里就看到哪里,到哪里就听哪里,那是外道说法,说有一个在转世。你整个法界 变,好坏、声音、色相、感觉、思想,就是你的妙净明心那样子动。那你的本性不是『与法界等』嘛?否则怎『等』呢?所以『与法界等』就是这“赤裸裸”的事 情。"

(Translation of the text above can be found in 
Everything is oneself, mind cuts off all connections 物物皆自己,心心绝诸缘 by Zen Master Hong Wen Liang)


The same is true for visual form. When I see you, my 'wondrously pure and clear mind,' through your visual form, is my movement. It's not that I catch it, I know it. Your visual form is how my 'wondrously pure and clear mind' moves, so there is that visual form. The visual form is how my 'wondrously pure and clear mind' moves to have your visual form. Therefore, 'In all dusts, all worlds,' if you go to America, the appearance of America is how your 'wondrously pure and clear mind' moves as America. Seeing a Soviet person shouting, that sound is my wondrously pure and clear mind moving in that sound's form. Whether you know or don't know is consciousness, but the ears still manifest that sound. Therefore, 'In all dusts, all worlds,' if you think of five thousand years ago, your thought immediately goes to five thousand years ago. The thought of 'five thousand years ago' is the movement of my 'wondrously pure and clear mind,' 'Ah, five thousand years ago.' Otherwise, how would you know about five thousand years ago? It's your 'wondrously pure and clear mind' that goes there to think, and that thought itself is its movement. So, 'In all dusts, all worlds,' wherever you go, whatever you hear, wherever you think, it's all manifestation. Thus, 'Equal to the Dharma Realm' doesn't mean there is another Dharma Realm that your 'wondrously pure and clear mind' goes to recognize or equate to; that would not be Buddhism at all. How then can you abandon the notion of self? This is extremely important. When you personally verify and confirm this, you are enlightened. Before confirmation, there is self, as if I have a 'wondrously pure and clear mind' here watching, watching, watching. What you hear, see, wherever you go, you see it there, you hear it there, this is the heretical doctrine that speaks of a transmigrating soul. The entire Dharma Realm changes, good or bad, sound, visual form, sensation, thought, it's all the movement of your wondrously pure and clear mind. Isn't your nature 'Equal to the Dharma Realm'? Otherwise, how could it be 'equal'? Therefore, 'Equal to the Dharma Realm' is this stark reality."




John Tan: "👍"





Soh

 

https://www.reddit.com/r/Buddhism/s/Pt9zPDXrSP


Soh replied someone’s question with the following:


“ Regardless of whether our parents are ‘nice people’, the minimal duty as Buddhists is to carry out what Buddha told us: ‘Numbered Discourses 2.32–41 33 “Mendicants, I say that these two people cannot easily be repaid. What two? Mother and father. You would not have done enough to repay your mother and father even if you were to carry your mother around on one shoulder and your father on the other, and if you lived like this for a hundred years, and if you were to anoint, massage, bathe, and rub them; and even if they were to defecate and urinate right there. Even if you were to establish your mother and father as supreme monarchs of this great earth, abounding in the seven treasures, you would still not have done enough to repay them. Why is that? Parents are very helpful to their children: they raise them, nurture them, and show them the world. But you have done enough, more than enough, to repay them if you encourage, settle, and ground unfaithful parents in faith, unethical parents in ethical conduct, stingy parents in generosity, or ignorant parents in wisdom.”’ - https://suttacentral.net/an2.33/en/sujato?lang=en&layout=plain&reference=none&notes=asterisk&highlight=false&script=latin


Numbered Discourses 4.63 7. Fitting Deeds Living with Brahmā “Mendicants, a family where the children honor their parents in their home is said to live with Brahmā. A family where the children honor their parents in their home is said to live with the first teachers. A family where the children honor their parents in their home is said to live with the old deities. A family where the children honor their parents in their home is said to live with those worthy of offerings dedicated to the gods. ‘Brahmā’ is a term for your parents. ‘First teachers’ is a term for your parents. ‘Old deities’ is a term for your parents. ‘Worthy of an offering dedicated to the gods’ is a term for your parents. Why is that? Parents are very helpful to their children, they raise them, nurture them, and show them the world. Parents are said to be ‘Brahmā’ and ‘first teachers’. They’re worthy of offerings dedicated to the gods from their children, for they love their offspring. Therefore an astute person would revere them and honor them with food and drink, clothes and bedding, by anointing and bathing, and by washing their feet. Because they look after their parents like this, they’re praised in this life by the astute, and they depart to rejoice in heaven.” - https://suttacentral.net/an4.63/en/sujato?lang=en&layout=plain&reference=none&notes=asterisk&highlight=false&script=latin”

Labels: 0 comments | | edit post