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Eight extremes - Rigpa Wiki
Clarifications on Dharmakaya and Basis by Loppön Namdrol/Malcolm
Way of Bodhi
Some Zen Masters’ Quotations on Anatman
Greg Goode on Advaita/Madhyamika
Table of Contents for Malcolm Dharmawheel Posts + Astus, Krodha (Kyle Dixon), Geoff (Jnana), Meido Moore
Does the idea that consciousness is fundamental, as suggested by philosophers like Donald Hoffman and Bernardo Kastrup, conflict with the Buddhist concept of emptiness?
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Mr./Ms. MF
Only if consciousness is being asserted as intrinsically fundamentally existing.
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RIGPAWIKI.ORG
Eight extremes - Rigpa Wiki
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Mr. OR
Mr./Ms. MF how could it be fundamental, yet not fundamentally extant?
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Mr./Ms. MF
Mr. OR because “fundamental” here is being used conventionally;
For example, heat and light is fundamental to fire, but fire—which is heat and light—is not fundamentally extant,
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Mr./Ms. MF
Mr. OR (and also, neither is fire, because fire is also dependent on conditions.)
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Mr./Ms. MF
Mr. OR hope that helps,
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Soh Wei Yu
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For detailed explanations of michael’s point, see https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/.../clarifications-on...
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Clarifications on Dharmakaya and Basis by Loppön Namdrol/Malcolm
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Mr. OR
Mr./Ms. MF what conditions is consciousness dependent on?
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Aditya Prasad
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Yes,
it conflicts. Bernardo is talking about Brahman (or what AtR calls
substantial nonduality). I gave a few of his quotes in the piece I
shared here a few days ago that makes this clear.
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Soh Wei Yu
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I haven’t read them up but I trust Aditya have gotten them right.
I will just share the Buddhist view here:
Excerpt:
Discourse)
Dissolving the Mind
Dissolving the mind
Though
purifying mind is the essence of practicing the Way, it is not done by
clinging at the mind as a glorified and absolute entity. It is not that
one simply goes inward by rejecting the external world. It is not that
the mind is pure and the world is impure. When mind is clear, the world
is a pure-field. When mind is deluded, the world is Samsara. Bodhidharma
said,
Seeing with
insight, form is not simply form, because form depends on mind. And,
mind is not simply mind, because mind depends on form. Mind and form
create and negate each other. … Mind and the world are opposites,
appearances arise where they meet. When your mind does not stir inside,
the world does not arise outside. When the world and the mind are both
transparent, this is the true insight.” (from the Wakeup Discourse)
Just
like the masters of Madhyamaka, Bodhidharma too pointed out that mind
and form are interdependently arising. Mind and form create each other.
Yet, when you cling to form, you negate mind. And, when you cling to
mind, you negate form. Only when such dualistic notions are dissolved,
and only when both mind and the world are transparent (not turning to
obstructing concepts) the true insight arises.
In this regard, Bodhidharma said,
Using the mind to look for reality is delusion.
Not using the mind to look for reality is awareness.
(from the Wakeup Discourse)
So,
to effectively enter the Way, one has to go beyond the dualities
(conceptual constructs) of mind and form. As far as one looks for
reality as an object of mind, one is still trapped in the net of
delusion (of seeing mind and form as independent realities), never
breaking free from it. In that way, one holds reality as something other
than oneself, and even worse, one holds oneself as a spectator to a
separate reality!
When
the mind does not stir anymore and settles into its pristine clarity,
the world does not stir outside. The reality is revealed beyond the
divisions of Self and others, and mind and form. Thus, as you learn not
to use the mind to look for reality and simply rests in the natural
state of mind as it is, there is the dawn of pristine awareness –
knowing reality as it is, non-dually and non-conceptually.
When
the mind does not dissolve in this way to its original clarity,
whatever one sees is merely the stirring of conceptuality. Even if we
try to construct a Buddha’s mind, it only stirs and does not see
reality. Because, the Buddha’s mind is simply the uncompounded clarity
of Bodhi (awakening), free from stirring and constructions. So,
Bodhidharma said,
That
which ordinary knowledge understands is also said to be within the
boundaries of the norms. When you do not produce the mind of a common
man, or the mind of a sravaka or a bodhisattva, and when you do not even
produce a Buddha-mind or any mind at all, then for the first time you
can be said to have gone outside the boundaries of the norms. If no mind
at all arises, and if you do not produce understanding nor give rise to
delusion, then, for the first time, you can be said to have gone
outside of everything. (From the Record #1, of the Collection of
Bodhidharma’s Works3 retrieved from Dunhuang Caves)
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Way of Bodhi
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….
The
myriad forms of the entire universe are the seal of the single Dharma.
Whatever forms are seen are but the perception of mind. But mind is not
independently existent. It is co-dependent with form.
- Zen Master Mazu
….
“But how could one [even] gain the ability to know that it is no-mind [that sees, hears, feels, and knows]?"
"Just
try to find out in every detail: What appearance does mind have? And if
it can be apprehended: is [what is apprehended] mind or not? Is [mind]
inside or outside, or somewhere in between? As long as one looks for
mind in these three locations, one's search will end in failure. Indeed,
searching it anywhere will end in failure. That's exactly why it is
known as no-mind."”
“At
this, the disciple all at once greatly awakened and realized for the
first time that there is no thing apart from mind, and no mind apart
from things. All of his actions became utterly free. Having broken
through the net of all doubt, he was freed of all obstruction.”
Doctrine of No Mind by Bodhidharma, see http://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2018/04/way-of-bodhi.html and http://www.awakeningtoreality.com/.../the-doctrine-of-no...
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Some Zen Masters’ Quotations on Anatman
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"Although
mind is distinguished from form, they share the same nature. Form is
mind, mind is forms. They interfuse with one another without difficulty.
Therefore, knowing is the objects of knowledge, and the objects,
knowing. Knowing is reality, reality knowing."
- Kūkai
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Greg Goode on Advaita/Madhyamika
Dr. Greg Goode wrote in Emptything:
It
looks your Bahiya Sutta experience helped you see awareness in a
different way, more .... empty. You had a background in a view that saw
awareness as more inherent or essential or substantive?
I
had an experience like this too. I was reading a sloka in Nagarjuna's
treatise about the "prior entity," and I had been meditating on
"emptiness is form" intensely for a year. These two threads came
together in a big flash. In a flash, I grokked the emptiness of
awareness as per Madhyamika. This realization is quite different from
the Advaitic oneness-style realization. It carries one out to the
"ten-thousand things" in a wonderful, light and free and kaleidoscopic,
playful insubstantial clarity and immediacy. No veils, no holding back.
No substance or essence anywhere, but love and directness and intimacy
everywhere...
........
Stian,
cool, get into that strangeness! There is a certain innocent,
not-knowing quality to strangeness that counteracts the rush to
certainty, the need to arrive, to land.
I still don't get your "no compromise" point. Can you rephrase it, but without the words "between" or "compromise"?
Anything
can be denied. And is. There is one prominent Advaita teacher that I
like who likes to say "You can't deny that you are the awareness that is
hearing these words right now."
This kind of gapless continuity, so prized in Advaita, is readily denied in other approaches to experience:
you. can't. deny. that. you. are. the. awareness. hearing. these. words. right. now.
I
remember feeling during one retreat, just how many ways that this could
be denied. From a different model of time and experience, there are
gaps and fissures all over the place, even in that sentence (hence. the.
dots). Each moment is divided within itself, carrying traces of past
and future (retention and protention). The first "you"-moment and the
second "you"-moment are not necessarily experienced by the same entity.
Each "I" is different. Entitification itself is felt as autoimmune, as
divided within itself, and any "gaplessness" is nothing more than a
paste-job.
Not saying one of these is right and the other wrong. Just pointing out how something so undeniable can readily be denied!
......
Emptiness group:
Awareness and Emptiness.
Many
people, myself at times as well, have thought that Advaitic,
atman-style awareness and emptiness are the same thing. When I began to
study Nagarjuna, I was reading through a lens colored by the Advaita
teachings. You know how they go, Awareness is the Self and very nature
of me. The psychophysical components are certainly not me. I remain the
same through the coming and going and changing of the components.
At that time, I had had trouble understanding 50% of the key line in the Heart Sutra,
"Form is emptiness and emptiness is form."
I
got the "form is emptiness" part. But I couldn't grok the "emptiness is
form" part. Thinking that Advaitic Awareness=emptiness, I was used to
thinking that Awareness IS, whether universes arise or not. How can
Awareness equal its contents? And if it did, why even call it global
Awareness? The contents could speak for themselves," I was thinking.
Also,
many Advaitic-style teachings proceed by refuting the phenomena
(thoughts, feelings and sensations) but retaining THAT to which they
arise. That was the type of teaching I was used to, and it colored my
approach to Madhyamika.
So
it was very easy to read the Buddhist notion of "emptiness" in this
same way. But it began to get a little puzzling. In my readings of
Prasangika Madhyamika (which never mentions a global awareness), they
never say that anywhere that emptiness=awareness. Nevertheless, I was
supplying this equivalence for myself, making the mental substitution of
one highest path's highest term with another's.
As
I continued, there seem less and less evidence that Madhyamika was
doing this, but I didn't encounter anything that knocked the idea away.
It got more and more puzzling for me.
And
then one day I read this from Nagarjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Sloka
IX:4, about the "prior entity," or a subject or owner or substrate for
what is seen and heard. (translations from the Garfield edition).
"If it can abide Without the seen, etc., Then, without a doubt, They can abide without it."
Then
it dawned on me! The independence (and hence the dependence) that
Buddhism is talking about is two-way, not just one-way. If A is
logically independent from B, then B is logically independent from A.
If you can have a self that doesn't depend on things seen, then you can have things seen that do not depend on a self.
So, for Nagarjuna, can you really have a self that is truly bilaterally independent from what is seen?
No, because of his next sloka, IX:10:
"Someone
is disclosed by something. Something is disclosed by someone. Without
something how can someone exist? Without someone how can something
exist?"
With
these two verses, I finally understood the two-way dependence that
Buddhism was talking about. And both halves of that important line in
the Heart Sutra finally made sense!!
.........
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Greg Goode on Advaita/Madhyamika
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.........
Taken from Krodha (Kyle Dixon)'s Dharmawheel posts compilation: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/.../table-of-contents...
Author: krodha
Date: Tue May 28, 2013 6:35 pm
Title: Re: Question about "location of mind" Content:
Greg Goode had some good insight on this too:
Greg wrote:
Matt, when you say
'can someone show me how it's [awareness] not an eternal, non-separate essence?' and
'as soon as you point to a phenomenon upon which awareness would be dependent, awareness was already there,'
are
you assuming that awareness is one, single unified thing that is
already there before objects are? That awareness is present whether
objects are present or not?
That is a particular model. It sounds very similar to Advaita. But there are other models.
The
emptiness teachings have a different model. Instead of one big
awareness they posit many mind- moments or separate awarenesses. Each
one is individuated by its own object. There is no awareness between or
before or beyond objects. No awareness that is inherent. In this
emptiness model, awareness is dependent upon its object. And as you
point out, the object is dependent upon the awareness that apprehends
it. But there is no underlying awareness that illuminates the entire
show.
That's how these teachings account for experience while keeping awareness from being inherently existent.
This
isn't the philosophy that denies awareness. That was materialism. We
had a few materialists in the fb emptiness group, but they left when
they found out that emptiness doesn't utterly deny
awareness.
So you see, there are people who do deny it... In the emptiness
teachings, things depend on awareness, cognitiion, conceptualization,
yes. But it is the other way around as well. Awareness depends on
objects too.
----------------------
Greg wrote:
Speaking
of *after* studying the emptiness teachings.... After beginning to
study the emptiness teachings, the most dramatic and earth-shattering
thing I realized the emptiness of was awareness, consciousness.
It
came as an upside-down, inside-out BOOM, since I had been inquiring
into this very point for a whole year. It happened while I was
meditating on Nagarjuna's Treatise. Specifically verse IX:4, from
“Examination of the Prior Entity.”
If it can abide
Without the seen, etc., Then, without a doubt, They can abide without it.
I
saw that a certain parity and bilateral symmetry is involved. If
awareness can exist without its objects, then without a doubt, they can
exist without awareness. True enough. Then there is a hidden line or
two:
BUT - the objects CAN'T exist without awareness. Therefore, awareness can't exist without them. This was big for me.
.........
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Table of Contents for Malcolm Dharmawheel Posts + Astus, Krodha (Kyle Dixon), Geoff (Jnana), Meido Moore
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.........
I'm
not sure what you mean by "itch," but I can tell you that when I began
to study the Mulamadhyamakakarika (MMK), I wanted to let it speak for
itself. I didn't want to bring to it any presumptions that I picked up
from other teachings, such as that all reality depends on an aware
ground of being. This was my intention from the beginning, and it took
me a while to detect those assumptions in myself as I proceeded with my
study. The text of the MMK itself actually helped dissolve those
assumptions from my study and practice of Madhyamika.
It's pretty clear that in the MMK there is no support for an aware ground of being.
About
verses 8 and 9. they are dialectical arguments against the notion of an
independent self that is the basis and unifying substance of all
experience. As dialectical arguments, they examine consequences that
would follow if there were really such an independent self. And they
find that the consequences are absurd, or that they go against the
independent-self idea. Confronting these absurd consequences frees us
from assenting to the independent-self doctrine.
Verses
8 and 9 are instances of the same/different argument schema. Those who
believe in existence usually assert that if A and B exist, then they
must be the same as each other, or different from each other.
Verse 8 examines the absurd consequences of stating that the seer and hearer and feeler are the same.
It
looks at what would happen if there were a self that is the hearer and
seer and feeler (which is what the independent-self doctrine asserts).
If there were such a self, it would contravene the insights from Verses
4-6, which argue that the seer depends on the seen just like the seen
depends on the seer.
In
our experience, seeing and hearing and feeling happen at different
times, sometimes apart, sometimes together. If there WERE such a self,
the very same self that hears and sees, Verse 8 is arguing that the self
would have to exist PRIOR to hearing and PRIOR to seeing.
Verse
9 examines the absurd consequences of stating that the seer and hearer
and feeler are different. It argues that in this case, there would be
multiple independent selves, one for seeing, one for hearing, and one
for feeling. This obviously contradicts the main point of the
independent self doctrine, which is that there is just ONE entity which
does all the seeing and hearing.
Nagarjuna's
strategy here is to show that assuming an independent entity prior to
experience makes no sense at all. This is because it makes no sense if
the seer equals the hearer, and it makes no sense if the seer does not
equal the hearer.
Therefore, it makes no sense!
And it keeps on going, getting more and more radical.
Verse
11 - here the MMK uses the conclusion about the absurdity of the
independent seer to refute the inherent existence of independent modes
of perception.
In
Verse 12, the MMK says that having seen all this, we are freed from
conceptions and assertions of existence and non-existence.
.......
Geovani,
I’m very glad to hear that your mind is knotted up. Emptiness insights
can do that to us when we start getting into them.
Yes,
this approach would acknowledge swoons, anesthesia, “zone” moments and
deep sleep. We could say that these are “longer” gaps than the gaps
between momentary sounds and other sensations. But that isn’t a
metaphysical claim, just a non-theoretical comment about experience.
The
main takeaway from the refutation of an independent “prior entity” is
that continuity is only imputed casually as a transactional,
conventional way of organizing experience. It’s not a serious claim,
and it wouldn’t hold up under analysis. So for this kind of practical
manner of speaking, continuity doesn’t require an inherent, underlying
ground. If continuity itself were examined, it would be just as
insubstantial as the other things examined by the MMK.
Many Buddhist meditations focus on discerning the DIScontinuities in what we normally assume is continuous and unbroken.
Also, for Nagarjuna in this chapter, the “prior entity,” has already been refuted in by the time he reaches verses 8-12.
Labels: Advaita, Emptiness, Greg Goode, Madhyamaka |
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Mr. RDT
Not necessarily, look Vijnanavada (Cittamatra).
The
difference is that Buddhist models of consciousness present it as
momentary, conditioned, diverse (individual streams and sense spheres).
Hindu models posit consciousness that is permanent, uncoditioned, unitary.
This
crucial difference shows up on brain studies of meditators. Its not
only theory. According to researcher Stanisław Radoń (not Buddhist nor
Hindu btw) Buddhist meditation turns off habituation so You constantly
see, hear, feel the flow of data as new, your brain is constantly
engaged. In Hindu meditation external stimuli activation is decresed in
order to focus on a self-consciousness and absorbption in one's self.
Ofc course there are then further differences between various sub-systems of Buddhism or Hinduism.
You
can think of consciousness in Buddhism as a stream. Stream of sense
data and thoughts that doesn't exist on its own apart from the
everchanging stream of sense and mental (this dichotomy is not asserted
in many Buddhist schools) phenomena.
In
Hinduism consciousness or awareness (there is some semantic confusion
here as some prefer one word over another) is a stable observer
background or substance that serves as a support for sense and mental
experience.
Hindu
one serves as a stable reference point for your meditation, experience
is seen from its standpoint. The Buddhist teaching doesn't posit such a
reference point, experience is freeflowing and unsuported.
So
the question is: do these guys treat consciousness more in the Buddhist
or in the Hindu sense? Like what is their model of cognition? More
Samkhya or more Abhidharma/Cittamatra?
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