Soh

I often say, self enquiry is not a mantra. It's not something you just repeat mentally "who am i.. who am i..." it's not that sort of practice. It is an investigation, an exploration, an inquiry into the true nature of identity and the true nature of consciousness.

The inquiry/koan "Before Birth, who am I?" has a dual purpose: the elimination of all conceptual identification (ego) and to discover one's underlying radiant Consciousness, or Pure Presence/Beingness.

During my journey of self-enquiry, which spanned over two years (2008-Feb 2010), involving meditative contemplations such as “before birth, who am I?” During the process, this line of questioning, we eliminate all the candidates for my self -- I am not my hands, my legs, my name, my thoughts. They come and go and are observed, they are not me. So what am I? As John Tan said before, “you cannot know the “Ultimate Source” without the process of elimination”. What does it eliminate? The conceptual identification of self with various mentally constructed and perceived objects. This is why "before birth" is asked, as it directs the mind to this elimination. And what does that elimination reveal? Who am I, what is this radiant Being that stands alone revealed after that process of elimination?

Ramana Maharshi said:

1. Who am I?

The gross body which is composed of the seven humours (dhatus), I am not; the five cognitive sense organs, viz. the senses of hearing, touch, sight, taste, and smell, which apprehend their respective objects, viz. sound, touch, colour, taste, and odour, I am not; the five cognitive sense- organs, viz. the organs of speech, locomotion, grasping, excretion, and procreation, which have as their respective functions speaking, moving, grasping, excreting, and enjoying, I am not; the five vital airs, prana, etc., which perform respectively the five functions of in-breathing, etc., I am not; even the mind which thinks, I am not; the nescience too, which is endowed only with the residual impressions of objects, and in which there are no objects and no functioning’s, I am not.

2. If I am none of these, then who am I?

After negating all of the above-mentioned as ‘not this’, ‘not this’, that Awareness which alone remains - that I am.

3. What is the nature of Awareness?

The nature of Awareness is existence-consciousness-bliss"

- continue reading at https://files.awakeningtoreality.com/who_am_I.pdf

This line of questioning (before birth, who am I?) led me to a moment in silent meditation where everything subsided, leaving only a doubtless unshakeable certainty of pure existence and presence.

So eliminating concepts until none is left with some prompting like self enquiry or zen koan will allow one to reach a complete state of stillness (stillness of the conceptual mind) and authenticate presence/clarity/radiance directly.

While this method effectively dissolves conceptual attachments and reveals the radiant core of Consciousness, it fails to address the view of inherency and the dualities of subject and object or the deeper insight of both self and phenomena as merely nominal and overcome views that reifies the four extremes. Sometimes we call it "inherentness" in short, and inherentness means concepts being reified and mistaken as real. But that requires deeper insights and realisations and is crucial for releasing the deeper afflictive and knowledge obscurations. Merely the pausing of conceptual thinking or even revealing one's Radiance is insufficient to realise its nature.

At this point, after radiance is realized, as John Tan points out, "before we can hop into the next path and focus on radiance and natural state, without recognizing implication of conventional and seeing through them, there will be ongoing cognitive as well as emotional obscurations. How deep and far can you go? Much less talking about natural state when one can't even distinguish what is conventional and what is ultimate."

John Tan said before:

“When we authenticate radiance clarity directly, we have a first hand experiential taste of what is called the "ultimate free from all conceptual elaborations" but mind is not "free from conceptual elaborations".”

"John Tan also said before: "If non-conceptuality does not end up in non-mentation, then it will have to involve special insight that sees through conventional constructs that lead to direct authentication of suchness/pure appearances. Experiential insight of this relationship between the dissolution of mental constructs and empty clarity is Prajna. Realising this, one can then extend to body-construct and eventually to all other much more subtle constructs until natural state free of any artificialities."

"Actually anatta is a good direct method of pointing, analysis can later be used to support this direct experiential insight. Not easy for the path of analysis to trigger such insight. It will have to have a sudden leap or break-through much like koan."

(Commenting on someone else:) "This is like freedom from all elaborations into natural state. But instead of realizing the natural state that is primordially pure, one can be misled and led into non-conceptuality of non-mentation."

I also wrote some time back:

"Seeing selfness or cognizance as a subject and phenomena as objects is the fundamental elaboration that prevents the taste of appearances as radiance clarity.. then even after anatta, there are still the subtle cognitive obscurations that reified phenomena, arising and ceasing, substantial cause and effect, inherent production and so on.

So elaboration is not just coarse thinking like labelling but to me is like a veil of reification projecting and distorting radiant appearances and its nature.

Another way to put it is that the fundamental conceptual elaboration that obscures reality/suchness is to reify self and phenomena in terms of the extremes of existence and non existence through not apprehending the nature of mind/appearance.

...

If you mean just authenticate radiance clarity like I AM, then it’s just nonconceptual taste and realisation of presence.

That moment is nondual and nonconceptual and unfabricated but it doesnt mean the view of inherency is seen through. Since fundamental ignorance is untouched the radiance will continue to be distorted into a subject and object."

"The process of eradicating avidyā (ignorance) is conceived… not as a mere stopping of thought, but as the active realization of the opposite of what ignorance misconceives. Avidyā is not a mere absence of knowledge, but a specific misconception, and it must be removed by realization of its opposite. In this vein, Tsongkhapa says that one cannot get rid of the misconception of 'inherent existence' merely by stopping conceptuality any more than one can get rid of the idea that there is a demon in a darkened cave merely by trying not to think about it. Just as one must hold a lamp and see that there is no demon there, so the illumination of wisdom is needed to clear away the darkness of ignorance." - Napper, Elizabeth, 2003, p. 103"

It is important however to note that Gelug and non Gelug authors may have different definitions of conceptualities, as John Tan pointed out years ago: “Not exactly, both have some very profound points. Mipham "conceptualities" is not only referring to symbolic layering but also self-view which is more crucial. Mipham made it very clear and said the gelug mistake "conceptualities" as just symbolic and mental overlay, which is not what he is referring then he laid down 3 types of conceptualities. Same for dharmakirti also...there is the gross definition and the more refine definitions.”

However, for the purpose of beginners trying to realize the I AM, just going through and focusing on self-enquiry and the process of elimination mentioned earlier is sufficient to result in Self Realisation.

You should read this article https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2018/12/the-direct-path-to-your-real-self.html as this author was able to bring several to the realization of I AM, and explains well the process of self enquiry and the process of elimination.

Question: "What are the simplified steps to self enquiry/I AM as referred to in the ATR guide?"

Answer: "For the purpose of the initial awakening:

“Hi Mr. H,

In addition to what you wrote, I hope to convey another dimension of Presence to you. That is Encountering Presence in its first impression, unadulterated and full blown in stillness.

So after reading it, just feel it with your entire body-mind and forgot about it. Don't let it corrupt your mind.😝

Presence, Awareness, Beingness, Isness are all synonyms. There can be all sorts of definitions but all these are not the path to it. The path to it must be non-conceptual and direct. This is the only way.

When contemplating the koan "before birth who am I", the thinking mind attempts to seek into it's memory bank for similar experiences to get an answer. This is how the thinking mind works - compare, categorize and measure in order to understand.

However, when we encounter such a koan, the mind reaches its limit when it tries to penetrate its own depth with no answer. There will come a time when the mind exhausts itself and come to a complete standstill and from that stillness comes an earthshaking BAM!

I. Just I.

Before birth this I, a thousand years ago this I, a thousand later this I. I AM I.

It is without any arbitrary thoughts, any comparisons. It fully authenticates it's own clarity, it's own existence, ITSELF in clean, pure, direct non-conceptuality. No why, no because.

Just ITSELF in stillness nothing else.

Intuit the vipassana and the samantha. Intuit the total exertion and realization. The essence of message must be raw and uncontaminated by words.

Hope that helps!” - John Tan, 2019

Ken Wilber on I AMness: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA8tDzK_kPI

-- excerpt from the abridged AtR guide, which you can read for self-enquiry pointers: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2022/06/the-awakening-to-reality-practice-guide.html

On the difference between glimpses and doubtless self realization: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2018/12/i-am-experienceglimpserecognition-vs-i.html

......

self enquiry (asking Who/What am I?) can lead to the I AM realization. You can read the abridged AtR guide, which you can read for self-enquiry pointers: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2022/06/the-awakening-to-reality-practice-guide.html

Also, Angelo wrote:

Inquiry for First Awakening

The inquiry that leads to first awakening is a funny thing. We want to know “how” precisely to do that inquiry, which is completely understandable. The thing is that it’s not wholly conveyable by describing a certain technique. Really it’s a matter of finding that sweet spot where surrender and intention meet. I will describe an approach here, but it’s important to keep in mind that in the end, you don’t have the power (as what you take yourself to be) to wake yourself up. Only Life has that power. So as we give ourselves to a certain inquiry or practice it’s imperative that we remain open. We have to keep the portals open to mystery, and possibility. We have to recognize that the constant concluding that “no this isn’t it, no this isn’t it either...” is simply the activity of the mind. Those are thoughts. If we believe a single thought then we will believe the next one and on and on. If however we recognize that, “oh that doubt is simply a thought arising now,” then we have the opportunity to recognize that that thought will subside on its own... and yet “I” as the knower of that thought am still here! We can now become fascinated with what is here once that thought (or any thought) subsides. What is in this gap between thoughts? What is this pure sense of I, pure sense of knowing, pure sense of Being? What is this light that can shine on and illuminate a thought (as it does thousands of times per day), and yet still shines when no thought is present. It is self illuminating. What is the nature of the one that notices thoughts, is awake and aware before, during, and after a thought, and is not altered in any way by any thought? Please understand that when you ask these questions you are not looking for a thought answer, the answer is the experience itself.

When we start to allow our attention to relax into this wider perspective we start to unbind ourselves from thought. We begin to recognize the nature of unbound consciousness by feel, by instinct. This is the way in.

At first we may conclude that this gap, this thoughtless consciousness is uninteresting, unimportant. It feels quite neutral, and the busy mind can’t do anything with neutral so we might be inclined to purposely engage thoughts again. If we recognize that “not interesting, not important, not valuable” are all thoughts and simply return to this fluid consciousness, it will start to expand. But there is no need to think about expansion or watch for it. It will do this naturally if we stay with it. If you are willing to recognize every thought and image in the mind as such, and keep your attention alert but relaxed into the “stuff” of thought that is continuous with the sense of I, it will all take care of itself. Just be willing to suspend judgement. Be willing to forego conclusions. Be willing to let go of all monitoring of your progress, because these are all thoughts. Be open to the pure experience. Just return again and again to this place of consciousness with no object or pure sense of I Am. If you are willing to do this it will teach itself to you in a way that neither I nor anyone I’ve ever seen can explain, but it is more real than real.

Happy Travels.

For further reading check out:

Do watch this: https://youtu.be/ZYjI6gh9RxE?si=6M4zn5tHE7fQlJcr

You can try inquiring, “Before birth, Who am I?”

Inquiring that for two years led to my Self Realization in feb 2010.

And if that doesn’t work for you, try this:

Yuan Yin Lao Ren:

In the past there was a Master who contemplated, "what is the original face before my parents were born?" He contemplated for many years, but did not awaken. Later on he encountered a great noble person and requested for his compassionate guidance. The noble one asked: "What koan did you contemplate?" He replied: "I contemplated what is the original face before my parents were born?" Noble one replied: "You contemplated too far away, should look nearby." He asked: "How should I look nearby?" Noble one replied: "Don't look into what is before your parents were born, need to look at: before a thought arise, what is it?" The Zen practitioner immediately attained great awakening.

Everyone that is sitting here, please look at what is this before a moment of thought's arising? IT is radiating light in front of everybody's [sense] doors, the brightness radiates everything yet is without the slightest clinging, nothing is known and nothing is seen yet it is not similar to wood and stones, what is This? IT is right here shining in its brilliancy, this is awakening to the Way. Therefore it is said, "the great way is not difficult, just cease speech and words"!

More quotes:

I wrote to my mother:

English translation from Chinese:

Contemplating Zen [Koan] is about inquiring what exactly is our original face, what is our Self-Nature, it is not about achieving a meditative state. It is rather to discover, to realize, what exactly is our Self-Nature/Awareness. One must reach a state of utter doubtlessness/certainty to be considered '[Self-Realization]'.

After the utter cessation of all thoughts, one must turn one's light around to find out, What am I? What is it that is Aware? If there is a thought which answers 'it is this or that' then that's wrong, because the real answer lies not in words and letters. Therefore cast aside those thoughts and continue inquiring, turning the light around. This is the most direct method to apprehend one's Mind.

You should meditate everyday. Master Yuan Yin asks his students to meditate two hours a day. If you are unable to quiet your mind to a state of no-thought, it will be difficult to realise. You should think carefully what is the best method for you to still your mind? Is it meditation? Or is it chanting the Buddha's name and reciting mantras? Whatever methods which calms the mind will do, but you have to practice everyday, not only practice intermittently or occasionally.

However, reaching a state of no-thought is not awakening. Upon reaching a state of no-thought, continue turning the light around to find out Who is that which is the Clear Knowingness? What is it? Then you will realise your Self-Nature. Otherwise your meditation is merely a state of stillness, not yet realising Self-Nature. Realizing Self-Nature is only Apprehending one's Mind, it is not yet realizing Nature [the nature of mind and phenomena] (the principle of the twofold emptiness of persons and phenomena as realized by a first bhumi Bodhisattva), therefore one must continue. Hence, "Apprehending Mind and Realising Nature" consists of two parts: first apprehend one's Mind (True Mind), later realize [Empty] Nature. Therefore practice hard to Apprehend Mind and Realize Nature.

The Sixth Ch'an Patriarch said: It is useless to learn the dharma without recognising original Mind.

Question: "Thank you so much for your kind welcome and answers. These quotes and posts are beautiful and I find them really useful, it will take me a bit more time to get through the further reading links. I think you are the one who posted the abridged ATR on SoundCloud which is what I listened to! Thank you again for that.

Strange that FB doesn't allow me to create paragraphs on desktop lol. In addition to the posts, it would be really helpful if there could be a summary of the abridged ATR guide in terms of steps to follow. For eg:

1- meditate daily (or chant mantras etc) to achieve the state of no-thought. Obviously step 1. My question: is Contemplating the Koan ‘who am I before birth/thought’ to be done alongside meditation (just focusing on breath when I realise a thought has come, until gradually thoughts cease)? Eg. if I do an hour of meditation, then half an hour on the koan? To be honest I have gone through periods where I can meditate regularly but then it can become inconsistent due to time restraints. I want to try to change this, please pray for me!

2- ‘Upon reaching a state of no-thought, continue turning the light around to find out Who is that which is the Clear Knowingness?’ This seems to be step 2, but I’m not clear on exactly how we turn the light around once I do ghetto that stage of no-thought stillness? Is this in visualisation? Or is this merely continuing to ask the koan/contemplating who am I before birth?

Please do correct me as having a numbered list of steps I need to follow helps me to make sense of all the info I am taking in and keep it focused when I refer back to it. It would be even more helpful if someone could sum up each chapter/section of the abridged ATR, there are many people with different types of learning difficulties and I myself know such people who I could share it with."

Soh replied: "I didn't do self inquiry in a step by step way. Self enquiry is a direct path, so you can awaken instantaneously if your conditions are ripe (e.g. Ramana Maharshi, Eckhart Tolle), but for me it took 2 years, others may take other varying periods of time. But you must have an earnest interest to discover what your Self is, so the inquiry must be genuine.

Here's an excerpt from the AtR practice guide:

"Soh:

Hi,

Steps are not necessary in self inquiry, because this method is meant to cut through all steps, thought-inference-process, conceptualizations, to directly awaken to your True Self. This is why Koan and Zen is known as the method and school of Sudden or Instantaneous Awakening, not gradual or step-by-step awakening. This is the Direct Path.

For example,

Hear a bird chirping. What/who is hearing? (silence)

Silence means you aren't trying to answer the question using your mind (because the answer cannot be found there - the more you try to figure out with your mind the more time is wasted because you are looking at the wrong direction), but instead you are directly looking at 'What Hears' and experiencing your True Self, your Hearing-Nature/Pure Awareness. The inner cognizer (I AM) turns within and cognizes itself, its true nature.

The pure silence underneath the sound is your true nature, but it is not an inert nothingness, in fact not even silence as such, but more accurately a featureless wide-awake space which perceives all sounds, all sights, all thoughts, etc. It cannot be understood by the mind. You have to trace the hearing, the radiance, the seeing, to its Source.

If you truly and successfully traced all perceptions to its Source, you will realize and experience a Certainty of Being, an undeniability of your very Consciousness which is formless and intangible but at the same time a most solid self-evident fact of your being.

However if during the process of self-inquiry a thought arise like "could this be it, what is Awareness, etc", just ignore the thought, don't attempt to answer them using the mind/logic, but continue turning the light around, asking "Who am I" or "Who is aware of the thought?" and so on. Turn away from all doubts to the Doubtless Certainty/Undeniability of Being/Consciousness, and all your doubts and questions are resolved in an instant.

As Jason Swason said:

“By turning the attention to the mind, immediately there are doubts. More thoughts rush in to question the questions, confirm or contradict other thoughts. A maddening cycle...

Notice when thoughts are paused there are no doubts; the certainty of (doubtless) Being is obviously present; the unquestionable FACT of EXISTENCE. Notice that the Being is ALWAYS presently shining, effortlessly and spontaneously. Stay with that undeniable non-conceptual confidence. Your Being has always been present for every single experience. That natural cognition in which all experiences arise is not a person.

Be as you ARE and not what you imagine yourself to be.”

“I was doing self inquiry yesterday with my back straight and legs crossed in the position of sitting meditation, contemplating 'Who am I', 'Before Birth Who am I'... with an intense desire to know the truth of my being. As the thoughts subside, an intense and palpable sense of beingness and presence, the only 'thing' that remains that I feel to be my innermost essence... became very obvious... very very vivid and intense, and feels like a constant background in which everything is taking place, thoughts (almost none at that moment, but arise afterwards) that arise are also taking place in this unchanging background... and there is this certainty and doubtlessness about this I AM-ness, IT is absolutely real and undeniable. IT/I AMness/The Witness is the only solid and undoubtable Presence and is clearly present with or without thoughts.” - Soh’s E-Book & Journal, February 2010 entry

"

Don't worry about learning difficulty. Learning is of the mind, of concepts, what you are trying to discover is prior to all thoughts and concepts, it is what you are even before all thoughts, so learning disability cannot prevent you from discovering it in any way as it is not something 'learnt', it is just what you are and discovering what you are, your birthright.

Turn the light around means directing the light of awareness upon itself. Awareness, the radiant core of your Being, has an aspect that may be described as 'luminous' but it is not a visual thing, so you do not need to visualise anything. It is the intensity of your Presence-Awareness, the Knowingness of your pure consciousness that is called luminous, so feel and discover that intensity of your Beingness, that Presence-Awareness, even without a thought. Visualisation is a thought, what you are trying to discover is the essence of Being, of what you truly are, prior to thought. So cast aside thoughts and find out what are you before any thought?

As John Wheeler said ( https://awakeningclaritynow.com/awakening-to-the-natural-state-guest-teaching-by-john-wheeler/ ), "Right now, as you read this, you exist and you are aware that you exist. You are undoubtedly present and aware. Before the next thought arises, you are absolutely certain of the fact of your own being, your own awareness, your own presence. This awareness is what you are; it is what you always have been. All thoughts, perceptions, sensations and feelings appear within or upon that. This awareness does not move, change or shift at any time. It is always free and completely untouched. However, it is not a thing or an object that you can see or grasp. The mind, being simply thoughts arising in awareness, cannot grasp it or know it or even think about it. Yet, as Bob says, you cannot deny the fact of your own being. It is palpably obvious, and yet, from the time we were born, no one has pointed this out. Once it is pointed out it can be grasped or understood very quickly because it is just a matter of noticing, ‘Oh, that is what I am!’ It is a bright, luminous, empty, presence of awareness; it is absolutely radiant, yet without form; it is seemingly intangible, but the most solid fact in your existence; it is effortlessly here right now, forever untouched. Without taking a step, you have arrived; you are home. No practice can reveal this because practices are in time and in the mind. Practices aim at a result, but you (as presence-awareness) are here already, only you don’t recognize it till it is pointed out. Once seen, you can’t lose it, and you don’t have to practice to exist, to be."

Eckhart Tolle said in The Power of Now, "So when you listen to a thought, you are aware not only of the thought but also of yourself as the witness of the thought. A new dimension of consciousness has come in. As you listen to the thought, you feel a conscious presence - your deeper self - behind or underneath the thought, as it were. The thought then loses its power over you and quickly subsides, because you are no longer energizing the mind through identification with it. This is the beginning of the end of involuntary and compulsive thinking. When a thought subsides, you experience a discontinuity in the mental stream - a gap of "no-mind." At first, the gaps will be short, a few seconds perhaps, but gradually they will become longer. When these gaps occur, you feel a certain stillness and peace inside you. This is the beginning of your natural state of felt oneness with Being, which is usually obscured by the mind. With practice, the sense of stillness and peace will deepen. In fact, there is no end to its depth. You will also feel a subtle emanation of joy arising from deep within: the joy of Being.

It is not a trance-like state. Not at all. There is no loss of consciousness here. The opposite is the case. If the price of peace were a lowering of your consciousness, and the price of stillness a lack of vitality and alertness, then they would not be worth having. In this state of inner connectedness, you are much more alert, more awake than in the mind-identified state. You are fully present. It also raises the vibrational frequency of the energy field that gives life to the physical body.

As you go more deeply into this realm of no-mind, as it is sometimes called in the East, you realize the state of pure consciousness. In that state, you feel your own presence with such intensity and such joy that all thinking, all emotions, your physical body, as well as the whole external world become relatively insignificant in comparison to it. And yet this is not a selfish but a selfless state. It takes you beyond what you previously thought of as "your self." That presence is essentially you and at the same time inconceivably greater than you. What I am trying to convey here may sound paradoxical or even contradictory, but there is no other way that I can express it."

You can also read my article https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2019/02/the-transient-universe-has-heart.html on the aspect of luminosity.

More on turning the light around upon itself, tracing the radiance of all perceptions to the Source so that you discover the Source that You Are:

Chinul's Approach of Returning to the Source

Question: What is the mind of void and calm, numinous awareness?

Chinul: What has just asked me this question is precisely your mind of void and calm, numinous awareness. Why not trace back its radiance rather than search for it outside? For your benefit I will now point straight to your original mind so that you can awaken to it. Clear your minds and listen to my words.

From morning until evening, all during the 12 periods of the day, during all your actions and activities - whether seeing, hearing, laughing, talking, whether angry of happy, whether doing evil or good - ultimately who is it that is able to perform all these actions? Speak! If you say that it is the physical body which is acting, then at the moment when a man's life comes to an end, even though the body has not yet decayed, how is it that the eyes cannot see, the ears cannot hear, the nose cannot smell, the tongue cannot talk, the hands cannot grasp, the feet cannot run?

You should know that what is capable of seeing, hearing, moving and acting has to be your original mind; it is not your physical body. Furthermore, the four elements which make up the physical body are by nature void; they are like images in a mirror of the moon's reflection in water. How can they be clear and constantly aware, always bright and never obscured - and, upon activation, be able to put into operation sublime functions as numerous as the sands of the Ganges? For this reason it is said: "Drawing water and carrying firewood are spiritual powers and sublime functions."

There are many points at which to enter the noumenon. I will indicate one approach which will allow you to return to the source.

Chinul: Do you hear the sound of that crow cawing and that magpie calling?

Student: Yes.

Chinul: Trace them back and listen to your hearing-nature. Do you hear any sounds?

Student: At that place, sound and discrimination do not obtain.

Chinul: Marvelous! Marvelous! This is Avalokitesvara's method for entering the noumenon. Let me ask you again. You said that sounds and discrimination do not obtain at that place. But since they do not obtain, isn't the hearing-nature just empty space at such a time?

Student: Originally it is not empty. It is always bright and never obscured.

Chinul: What is this essence which is not empty?

Student: Words cannot describe it.

Don't conceptualize 'how to do this', don't complicate it. What's more important is that you really want to find out what you are and you inquire earnestly into the Source, into what you truly are. That's it. Day and night, whether in sitting meditation, or even in daily life throughout the day (as much as you can), you inquire.

Another quote from the AtR practice guide:

“Something I always say when you are doing self enquiry or any other contemplations and meditations, this is crucial:

"We think it's all about like, again, because of our modern mind, we almost think everything can be solved through some sort of technology. Right, oh, I just need to do it different, there must be some secret trick to inquiry, that's our technological mind-set. Sometimes that's a mindset that is very useful to us. But, we don't want to let that dominate our spirituality. Because as I witnessed, the intensity of the living inquiry that's more important than all the techniques.

When somebody Just Has To Know. Even if that's kind of driving them half crazy for a while. And, that attitude is as important or more important than all the ways we work with that attitude, you know, the spiritual practices, the meditations and various inquiries and various different things, sort of practices. If we engage in the practices because they are practices, you know like, ok I just do these because this is what I'm told to do, and hopefully it will have some good effect. That's different than being engaged, when you're actually being deeply interested in what you're inquiring about, and what you're actually meditating upon. It's that quality of real, actual interest, something even more than interest. It is a kind of compulsion, I know I was saying earlier don't get taken in by compulsion, but there is/can be a kind of compulsion. And that's as valuable as anything else going on in you, actually."

- Adyashanti "

Question: “ Thank you Soh, much appreciated.

I'm familiar with some of the material but i'll work my way through it all again.

Can you say anything more specifically about the quality of the question "what is aware of self" as opposed to "who am I"? If it leaves me in an "emptier" experience is it necessarily a better question for me, or is it important to keep trying to deconstruct that ickily shifting sense of self that "who am I" points at?”

Soh replied: “ Who am i doesnt point at sense of self, it lets you see that the sense of self is not in fact who you are. You are what is aware and prior to that sense of self. So all objects conceived or perceived that is mistaken as Self are naturally negated as neti neti - not this, not this. And so you revert back to the Source, or the pure Beingness prior to all concepts and sense of self.

Who am i points at the pure I-I prior to all conceived sense of self and perceived objects. In other words it points to the same thing as “what is aware” is pointing at.

The fact that the sense of self is as you put it, “ickily shifting” is already a hint to you that it is not in fact who you truly are at all, it is not your true self. So inquiring who am I naturally negates that shifting sense of self as being a possible candidate for who you are. And so seeing this you naturally deconstruct that and trace back to the Source in self enquiry.”

https://www.facebook.com/groups/207646316294607/posts/2330941190631765/ -

THE CONSCIOUSNESS THAT KNOWS, "I AM"

Ramana Maharshi describes the sense of 'I' as the fundamental, self-evident awareness that is always present. It is the consciousness that knows, "I am." This 'I' is not the body, mind, or ego but the pure, unchanging awareness that underlies all experiences. Ramana often refers to this as the 'I-I' or the true 'I'.

To know that it is the true 'I' Ramana speaks of, one must recognize that it is ever-present and self-luminous. Unlike the transient thoughts and sensations that come and go, this 'I' remains constant. It is the silent witness to all that occurs without being affected by it. When all thoughts and identifications with the body and mind are relinquished through self-inquiry, what remains is this pure sense of being.

Ramana advises that through persistent self-inquiry, asking "Who am I?" and turning attention inward, the false identifications fall away. The true 'I' reveals itself not as an object to be seen but as the very essence of our existence. It is experienced as a deep, inherent sense of presence and peace, devoid of attributes, distinctions, or forms.

In essence, this sense of 'I' is simply the state of pure awareness, the unchanging consciousness that is always present. Knowing it is the true 'I' comes from the direct experience of this unbroken, self-evident awareness that transcends all temporary experiences and phenomena."

Soh

A reader’s question (paraphrased)

A reader writes to share a recurring experience during self-inquiry. They recall a retreat where a teacher confirmed that the “I am” sense could be located as a “subtle sensation” within. The reader has been wrestling with this instruction for a long time; as they investigate, the experience deepens into “a sensation and something else that isn't something,” but they often feel a stab of fear and reflexively pull back into distraction just as they seem close to penetrating it.

Seeking clarity, the reader consulted an AI chatbot (Grok) about this “subtle sensation” that arises when asking “Who am I?”. The AI identified it as “knowingness,” “bare awareness,” or “mind’s luminosity” (citing Buddhist terms like rigpa or citta-pabhā), but described it as the final subtle object or “veil” of ignorance before non-dual recognition. The reader found this explanation helpful in understanding their fear, assuming this sensation is the final barrier. The reader asks for my view on this “subtle sensation” and the AI’s interpretation that it is the mind’s luminous quality appearing as an object.

Soh's Reply:

I am an AI enthusiast, but sad to say, LLMs are misleading for your question. I tried asking your question to ChatGPT and Gemini, both gave very disappointing responses. So it's not only Grok that is disappointing, although I think Grok's answer seems worse than the other two.

The first sense of self you initially identify (the "first impression is of a very subtle sensation"), that is not the I AM or Witness or Luminous Mind realization. It is almost always.. a coarse sense of self (or what Ramana calls the I-thought), and when you investigate that, it seems to appear somewhere either in the head, or the chest, etc, a subtle reference point that you identify as yourself somewhere inside your body (and you may not even have a very clear idea of 'where' initially until you examine further).

That is not who you truly are and is not the Self that is realized through self-enquiry. So you have to push the inquiry further, because that sense of self located somewhere is still an object of awareness which comes and goes, and is not who you are (so it is negated in self-enquiry as neti neti -- not this, not that), so who are you? Who or what is aware of that?

Do watch this video by Dr. Greg Goode, it will clarify things: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYjI6gh9RxE

And also my article on self-enquiry should clarify things as well: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2024/05/self-enquiry-neti-neti-and-process-of.html

You have to be patient, it took me 2 years of inquiry to reach self-realization with many glimpses prior that.

1. The True 'I AM' Realization

The true I AM realization is not referring to that vague sense of an individualized being somewhere in the body, but rather refers to a non-dual realization of all-pervasive Presence. But this I AM realization (Thusness Stages 1 and 2: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2007/03/thusnesss-six-stages-of-experience.html) is not to be mistaken as the realization of non-dual or anatman (no-self), which are Thusness Stages 4 and 5.

Sim Pern Chong, who went through similar insights, wrote a few years ago:

"Just my opinion... For my case, the first time i experienced a definitive I AM presence, there was zero thought. just a borderless, all pervading presence. In fact, there was no thinking or looking out for whether this is I AM or not. There was no conceptual activity. It was interpreted as 'I AM' only after that experience. To me, I AM experience is actually a glimpse of the way reality is.. but it is quickly re-interpreted. The attribute of 'borderlessness' is experienced. but other 'attributes such as 'no subject-object', 'transparent luminosity, emptiness are not understood yet. My take, is that when 'I AM' is experienced, you will be doubtless that it is the experience."

John Tan also said:

"John Tan: We call it the presence or we call it, um, we call it the presence. (Speaker: is it the I AM?) I AM is actually different. It's also presence. It's also presence. I AM, depending on... You see the definition of I AM also not. So, uh. Not really the same for some people, like Geovani? He actually wrote to me saying that his I AM is like localized one in the head. So it's very individual. But that is not the I AM that we are talking about. The I AM is actually a very uh, like for example, I think, uh. Long Chen (Sim Pern Chong) actually went through. It's actually all encompassing. It's actually what we call a non-dual experience. It's actually a very, um. There's no thoughts. It's just a pure sense of existence. And it can be a very powerful. It is indeed a very powerful experience. So when, let's say when you are. When you're very young. Especially when you are ...my age. When you first experience I AM, it is very different. It's a very different experience. We never experienced that before. So, um, I don't know whether it can be even considered as an experience. Um, because there is no thoughts. It's just Presence. But this presence is very quickly. It's very quickly. yeah. It's really quickly. Um. Misinterpreted due to our karmic tendency to of understanding something in a dualistic and in a in a very concrete manner. So very when we experience the we have the experience, the interpretation is very different. And that the, the, the wrong way of interpretation actually create a very dualistic experience." - Excerpt from AtR (Awakening to Reality) Meeting, March 2021

It is this very all-pervasive Presence that is then mistaken as the ultimate background, the ground of being for all phenomena to pop in and out while itself being unchanged and unaffected. Elaborated in: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2007/03/mistaken-reality-of-amness.html

2. The Direct Path: Don't Downplay the 'I'

It is important not to mistaken this 'neti neti' process that is part and parcel of self-enquiry with the Buddhist Anatman teaching. They are two different things. In Neti Neti and Self-Enquiry, the purpose is directed to realizing what Presence-Awareness is, what your Self is, what the Source is. You cannot downplay the Self. You can put aside Buddhist No-Self or contemplation on impermanence or no-self aside until later on, if inquiry and direct path is your approach.

As John Tan said (Posts by Thusness/PasserBy in 2009 DhO 1.0):

“Hi Gary,

It appears that there are two groups of practitioners in this forum, one adopting the gradual approach and the other, the direct path. I am quite new here so I may be wrong.

My take is that you are adopting a gradual approach yet you are experiencing something very significant in the direct path, that is, the ‘Watcher’. As what Kenneth said, “You're onto something very big here, Gary. This practice will set you free.” But what Kenneth said would require you to be awaken to this ‘I’. It requires you to have the ‘eureka!’ sort of realization. Awaken to this ‘I’, the path of spirituality becomes clear; it is simply the unfolding of this ‘I’.

On the other hand, what that is described by Yabaxoule is a gradual approach and therefore there is downplaying of the ‘I AM’. You have to gauge your own conditions, if you choose the direct path, you cannot downplay this ‘I’; contrary, you must fully and completely experience the whole of ‘YOU’ as ‘Existence’. Emptiness nature of our pristine nature will step in for the direct path practitioners when they come face to face to the ‘traceless’, ‘centerless’ and ‘effortless’ nature of non-dual awareness.

Perhaps a little on where the two approaches meet will be of help to you.

Awakening to the ‘Watcher’ will at the same time ‘open’ the ‘eye of immediacy’; that is, it is the capacity to immediately penetrate discursive thoughts and sense, feel, perceive without intermediary the perceived. It is a kind of direct knowing. You must be deeply aware of this “direct without intermediary” sort of perception -- too direct to have subject-object gap, too short to have time, too simple to have thoughts. It is the ‘eye’ that can see the whole of ‘sound’ by being ‘sound’. It is the same ‘eye’ that is required when doing vipassana, that is, being ‘bare’. Be it non-dual or vipassana, both require the opening of this 'eye of immediacy'”

3. The Meaning of Anatman (No-Self) vs. Presence

Once the "I AM" is realized, one may eventually breakthrough to Anatman (No-Self). It is crucial to understand that Anatman does not mean the denial or non-existence of Awareness or Luminosity. Insight into anatman removes the "view of inherentness", and the "dualistic view" of a background "subject" separate from the "object.", so that one realizes the true face of awareness as this seamless activity that fills the entire universe, vivid and empty.

I will not elaborate on this part as you can read up the details in https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2007/03/thusnesss-six-stages-of-experience.html and https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2017/11/anatta-and-pure-presence.html

Do watch this: https://youtu.be/ZYjI6gh9RxE?si=6M4zn5tHE7fQlJcr

Also watch this: https://youtu.be/MTvyLfCd9jI?si=9sUAHomIpD76iQn-

Soh
For the full translation of all Bodhidharma texts, see The High-Fidelity Transmission of Bodhidharma: A New Translation

Translator (Soh)'s Commentary: The Treatise on No-Mind (Wúxīn Lùn)

Textual Note

The Treatise on No-Mind (Wúxīn Lùn; 無心論) is preserved among the Dunhuang manuscripts (e.g., Stein no. 5619) and is included in the Taishō Canon (Vol. 85, No. 2831). While traditionally attributed to Bodhidharma, modern scholarship treats the authorship as uncertain, suggesting it may be a product of the early Chan period (approx. 8th century). It represents a critical synthesis of Madhyamaka dialectics and early Chan "True Mind" terminology.

The Trap of the Knower (Negating the Subject)

The central theme of this text is the radical negation of the reified subject. A common trap for practitioners—and a frequent point of confusion in Western interpretations of Chan—is to mistake the negation of thoughts for the affirmation of a "Universal Knower" or "Witness Consciousness" (similar to the Atman of Advaita).

In that view, one peels away thoughts to arrive at a "True Self" that stands apart as the silent witness. However, this text explicitly rejects that duality. When the disciple asks, "Who knows there is no mind?" the text does not reply, "The True Self knows." It replies, "It is still No-mind that is able to know."

This implies the total collapse of the "Knower" as an entity. The text states:

"To enable your awakening to the Truth: Even if there is seeing, seeing all day long is essentially non-seeing; seeing is also No-mind. Hearing all day long is essentially non-hearing; hearing is also No-mind. Sensing all day long is essentially non-sensing; sensing is also No-mind. Cognizing all day long is essentially non-cognizing; cognizing is also No-mind. Functioning all day long, functioning is essentially non-functioning; functioning is also No-mind. Thus it is said: seeing, hearing, sensing, and cognizing are entirely No-mind."

This passage points to the realization that there is no "See-er" standing behind the seeing, nor even a reified field of "seeing" established apart from the seen. This insight corresponds directly to the Two Stanzas of Anatta often discussed in Awakening to Reality:

Stanza 1:  There is thinking, no thinker. There is hearing, no hearer. There is seeing, no seer.
Stanza 2: In thinking, just thoughts. In hearing, just sounds. In seeing, just forms, shapes and colors.  

Bodhidharma's assertion that "seeing is essentially non-seeing" (見由為無見) parallels the insight that we should not conceptualize or reify "seeing" as a substance or field for the display of experience. Instead, there is only the spontaneous presence of the display itself. This is perfectly illustrated in the following exchange between Geovani Geo and John Tan:

Geovani Geo: "We hear a sound. The immediate deeply inbuilt conditioning says, 'hearing'. But there is a fallacy there. There is only sound. Ultimately, no hearer and no hearing. The same with all other senses. A centralized, or expanded, or zero-dimensional inherent perceiver or aware-er is an illusion."

John Tan: "Very good. Means both stanza is clear. In hearing, no hearer. In hearing, only sound. No hearing."

Thus, the "No-mind" of Bodhidharma is not a blank void, but the seamless function free of the duality of "knower" and "known", and when the fixation on an apprehender and apprehended collapses in light of Prajñā (wisdom), it leaves only the vivid, self-luminous and empty self-display or spontaneous and self-knowing manifestation of just the sound or just the sight—function itself, devoid of a subjective agent, seer, hearer, etc.

Interdependence and the Rejection of Nihilism

The realization of No-Mind is not a descent into nothingness. "No-Mind" (Wúxīn) and "Unobtainable" do not imply a void of non-existence, but rather the lack of inherent existence.

This is most clearly expressed in the Disciple's moment of Great Awakening:

"He began to know that outside of mind there are no things, and outside of things there is no mind; in all behavior and action, he attained mastery."

Therefore, "No-Mind" is not a state to be created. No Mind is what is always already true. It has no existence of its own. No mind apart from phenomena, no phenomena apart from mind. Whether one is deluded or enlightened, the self is unfindable. The difference lies only in the realization. As the text states, "It is only because sentient beings delusively grasp at having a mind... If one awakens to No-mind, then there are no afflictions, birth-and-death, or Nirvana whatsoever."

Crucially, simply negating the self-construct without a direct taste of consciousness as appearance remains a merely conceptual understanding of Anatta. There is no genuine realization of No-Mind ("outside of things there is no mind") or Anatman (No-Self) without realizing that the radiance of Mind is all appearances ("outside of mind there are no things"). Although 'Mind' or 'Awareness' is negated, it is not to say there is nothing. Negating the Mind/Awareness/Presence (Absolute) is not to let Mind/Awareness remain at the abstract level.


When such transpersonal Mind/Awareness that exists only in la la land (as some formless transpersonal or universal background, source or substratum) is negated, the vivid radiance of presence are fully tasted in the transient appearances; zero gap and zero distance between presence and moment to moment of ordinary experiences and we realize separation has always only been conventional. Then mundane activities -- hearing, sitting, standing, seeing and sensing, become pristine and vibrant, natural and free.

Genuine realization is simultaneous: it penetrates the reification of the subject while authenticating Presence as the display itself, without a background. In other words, it realizes the total absence of an agent, while actualizing the Mind of Clear Light as the mountains, rivers, and the myriad things.

Both John Tan and I like this text by Bodhidharma. John Tan, who mentioned this text on numerous occasions, said in 2022, 'The emptiness is not easy to point out, only the clarity aspect. And I told you the anatta in ATR [Awakening to Reality] is unique in the sense that it points to presence... ...It is like 无心论 [the Doctrine of No-Mind by Bodhidharma].

The Inseparability of Awareness and Conditions

This highlights the insight of dependent origination: Mind has no independent existence separate from phenomena. It is not a "container" or a "mirror" that passively holds or reflects the world. Mind is the phenomena—seeing, hearing, sensing—yet it is empty of any fixed nature. Not only is it empty of an independent existence, one starts to see and feel this moment of arising as the exertion of all conditions.

As Bodhidharma states in the Bloodstream Sermon:

"With the condition of eyes, forms are seen; with the condition of ears, sounds are heard... every movement or state is all one's Mind."

We must be very precise here. Bodhidharma is not saying that there is a "Self" using the eyes to see. He is saying that "Seeing" arises through the convergence of conditions.

1. The Bell (Auditory Manifestation)

Consider the experience of hearing a bell.

  • The Dualistic View: You feel that there is an "I" or an observer located inside the head, and a "Bell" (Object) located outside. The "I" acts as a mirror reflecting the sound.
  • The View of Dependent Origination: There is no "I" listening. There is only the convergence of conditions—the bronze of the bell, the hardness of the striker, the vibration of the air, and the sensitivity of the ear drum.
  • The Realization: When these conditions meet, a burst of luminosity arises: Sound. That Sound is the Awareness. The bell, the stick, and the air are not "external objects"; they are the conditions for Mind to manifest as Sound. One must touch and feel the inseparability of Mind/Manifestation/Conditions: all conditions totally exerting as sound. As John Tan said, "One must lose all mind and body by feeling with entire mind and body this essence which is Mind (心). Yet Mind too is unobtainable/unfindable (不可得).. The purpose is not to deny Mind but rather not to place any limitations or duality so that Mind can fully manifest. Therefore without understanding 缘 (conditions),is to limit 心 (Mind). Without understanding 缘 (conditions),is to place limitation in its manifestations."

2. The Rainbow (Visual Manifestation)

To understand how this display is both "vividly apparent" yet "totally empty," my teacher John Tan offers the analogy of the Rainbow:

"Listening to someone tutoring about 'rainbow',

The teaching of science came to my mind.

The raindrops, the sunshine;

The light that enters and exits the droplets;

The reflection, refraction and light dispersion;

All these formed the rainbow.

But they missed the most important factor,

The radiance of our own mind."

Science can explain the physical conditions (raindrops, light, refraction), but it often misses the primary condition: The Mind itself.

However, do not mistake this "Radiance" for a spotlight coming from the subject. The "Radiance" is not separate from the colors. The Red, Orange, and Green are the Radiance.

As Juliette Paul elucidates:

"Rainbows need to have eyes in correct position, water droplets, light, radiant mind... Move slightly and rainbow is gone. Never came from anywhere, stayed anywhere, or went anywhere. The rainbow was insubstantial, but vividly displayed. All phenomena are like this."

This is the essence of Bodhidharma’s teaching. The world you see is like that rainbow. It is insubstantial (empty of inherent existence) because if you remove one condition (the light, the rain, or the mind), it vanishes. Yet, right now, it is vividly displayed. Mind is not a blank screen behind the rainbow; Mind is the vivid, ungraspable display of the rainbow itself.

3. Thoughts (Mental Manifestation)

This applies equally to thoughts. We often view thoughts as "my" creation, but Zen Master Hong Wen Liang points out that thoughts are merely "natural physiological phenomena" arising through conditions, just like the weather.

"Even if you don't want it to come, it comes... Who knows how it is dependently arisen? ... Only after it has arrived do you know. Therefore, this is dependent origination; dependent origination fundamentally means there is no 'you'." — Hong Wen Liang

When we realize this, we stop trying to control the mind from the standpoint of an "I." We realize that every thought, every sound, and every visual color is the Dharma-nature manifesting perfectly and spontaneously according to conditions. It is as if the entire universe is giving its very best for this single moment of "Hearing" or "Seeing" to arise. This is the dynamic, living Mind of Bodhidharma—not a static void, but the total exertion of the cosmos.

Function without Agency (The Heavenly Drum)

The text uses the metaphors of the Heavenly Drum and the Wish-fulfilling Gem to explain how action occurs without an actor. These objects perform functions (emitting sound, manifesting treasures) without agency, dictation or control by an internal agent. This is the ideal of anābhoga (effortless action): functioning perfectly without a "ghost in the machine."


Translation: The Treatise on No-Mind

(Taishō 85, No. 2831)

Now, the Supreme Principle is wordless; it is necessary to borrow words to reveal the Principle. The Great Way is signless; to guide the unrefined, form is displayed. Now, let us tentatively establish two persons to discuss the treatise on No-mind together.

Disciple: "Is there a mind or is there no mind?"

Teacher: "No-mind."

Disciple: "Since you say there is no mind, who can perform seeing, hearing, sensing, and knowing? Who knows there is no mind?"

Teacher: "It is still No-mind that performs seeing, hearing, sensing, and knowing. It is still No-mind that is able to know No-mind."

Disciple: "Since it is No-mind, it should define the absence of seeing, hearing, sensing, and knowing. How can there be seeing, hearing, sensing, and knowing?"

Teacher: "Though I am without mind, I am able to see, able to hear, able to sense, and able to know."

Disciple: "Since you are able to see, hear, sense, and know, that is precisely having a mind. How can you call it 'No-mind'?"

Teacher: "Simply that seeing, hearing, sensing, and knowing is precisely No-mind. Where else, apart from seeing, hearing, sensing, and knowing, is there a separate No-mind? I now fear you do not understand, so I will explain it for you, to enable your awakening to the Truth:

Seeing all day long is essentially non-seeing; seeing is also No-mind.

Hearing all day long is essentially non-hearing; hearing is also No-mind.

Sensing all day long is essentially non-sensing; sensing is also No-mind.

Cognizing all day long is essentially non-cognizing; cognizing is also No-mind.

Functioning all day long, functioning is essentially non-functioning; functioning is also No-mind. 

Thus it is said: seeing, hearing, sensing, and cognizing are entirely No-mind."

Disciple: "How can one know that it is No-mind?"

Teacher: "You need only investigate carefully: what appearance does the mind make? Is that mind obtainable? Is it mind or is it not mind? Is it located inside, located outside, or located in between? If one investigates in these three locations, searching for the mind, it is completely unobtainable; even searching in all places, it is unobtainable. You should know this is precisely No-mind."

Disciple: "Since the teacher says that in all places there is always No-mind, it should define the absence of transgression and merit. Why do sentient beings undergo samsara in the six realms continuously without interruption?"

Teacher: "Sentient beings are confused and deluded; right within No-mind, they delusively give rise to a mind. They create various kinds of karma and delusively grasp at it as existing; this is sufficient to cause them to cycle through the six realms, with birth and death uninterrupted.

It is like a person in the dark seeing a tree stump as a ghost, or seeing a rope as a snake, and then giving rise to terror. The delusive grasping of sentient beings is also just like this. In no-mind, they falsely grasp at ‘having mind,’ produce manifold karmic actions, and truly there is none who does not transmigrate through the six paths. Such sentient beings, if they meet a great spiritual friend who teaches them to sit in meditation and awaken to No-mind, then all karmic obscurations are entirely extinguished, and birth and death are immediately severed. It is like in the darkness: as soon as the sunlight shines, the darkness is entirely gone. If one awakens to No-mind, the extinguishment of all transgressions is also just like this."

Disciple: "This disciple is dull-witted and my mind is still not clear. Examining all places, should the function of the six sense faculties be responsive?"

Teacher: "[Regarding] speech and various activities, afflictions and Bodhi, birth-and-death and Nirvana—is it definitely No-mind or not?[2] It is definitely No-mind. It is only because sentient beings delusively grasp at having a mind that there are all afflictions, birth-and-death, Bodhi, and Nirvana. If one awakens to No-mind, then there are no afflictions, birth-and-death, or Nirvana whatsoever.

Therefore, for those with a mind, the Tathāgata speaks of having birth and death; Bodhi is named in opposition to afflictions, and Nirvana is named in opposition to birth and death. These are all methods of counteraction. If there is no mind to be obtained, then afflictions and Bodhi are also unobtainable, and even birth-and-death and Nirvana are also unobtainable."

Disciple: "Since Bodhi and Nirvana are unobtainable, the past Buddhas all attained Bodhi; is this saying acceptable?"

Teacher: "It is merely attained through the words of worldly truth; in ultimate truth, there is really nothing obtainable. Therefore, the Vimalakīrti Sūtra says: 'Bodhi cannot be attained by the body, nor can it be attained by the mind.' Furthermore, the Diamond Sūtra says: 'There is not the slightest dharma obtainable.' The Buddhas and Tathāgatas simply attained through the unobtainable. You should know: if there is mind, then everything exists; if there is No-mind, everything is absent [of self-nature]."

Disciple: "Since the teacher says that in all places, it is entirely No-mind, wood and stone also have no mind; surely this is not the same as wood and stone?"

Teacher: "Though I abide in No-mind, this mind is not like wood or stone. Why is this? It is like the Heavenly Drum; although it is without a mind, it naturally produces various marvelous Dharmas to teach and transform sentient beings. Also, like the Wish-fulfilling Gem (Cintāmaṇi); although it is without a mind, it is naturally able to produce various transformational displays.

My No-mind is also just like this. Although completely without mind, it is perfectly able to awaken to and understand the true characteristics of all dharmas, is endowed with true prajñā [wisdom], possesses the mastery of the Three Bodies, and its responsive application is unhindered. Therefore, the Ratnakūṭa Sūtra says: 'To manifest activity with no mind and no intention.' How could this be the same as wood and stone? Now, 'No-mind' is precisely the True Mind, and the True Mind is precisely No-mind."

Disciple: "Now, within this mind, how does one engage in practice?"

Teacher: "Simply awaken to and understand in all matters that No-mind is precisely practice; there is no other separate practice. Therefore, know that No-mind is everything. Quiescent extinction is precisely No-mind."

The disciple thereupon suddenly experienced a Great Awakening. He began to know that outside of mind there are no things, and outside of things there is no mind; in all behavior and action, he attained mastery. He cut through the nets of doubt, and there were no further hindrances. He immediately rose to pay homage and inscribed [the meaning of] No-mind. Thus he made a verse, saying:

The Spirit of Mind tends toward quiescence,
Without color, without form.
Looking at it, one does not see;
Listening to it, there is no sound.
Seemingly dark, yet not dark;
Like brightness, yet not bright.
Discarding it, it is not extinguished;
Taking it up, it is unborn.
In its greatness, it encompasses the Dharma-realm;
In its smallness, it enters a hair-tip without stopping.
Afflictions mix with it but do not muddy it;
Nirvana clarifies it but it does not become clear.
True Thusness fundamentally has no discrimination,
Yet is able to distinguish between the sentient and insentient.
Withdrawing it, nothing is established;
Dispersing it, it pervades all possessing spirit.
The Marvelous Spirit is not fathomed by knowledge;
Looking directly, it is cut off from practice.
When extinguished, one does not see its destruction;
When arising, one does not see its formation.
The Great Way, quiescent, is named 'Signless';
The ten thousand images, profound and obscure, are named 'Nameless'.
To operate with mastery like this
Is always the essence of No-mind.

The teacher further announced: "Among all prajñās, the prajñā of No-mind is the highest. Therefore, the Vimalakīrti Sūtra says: 'With no mind, no intention, and no sensation or mental fabrication, one completely subdues the external paths.' Also, the Dharma Drum Sūtra says: 'If one knows that no mind is obtainable, then dharmas are unobtainable, transgression and merit are also unobtainable, birth-and-death and Nirvana are also unobtainable, and even everything is entirely unobtainable. Unobtainable is also unobtainable.'"

Thus he made a verse, saying:

In former days when confused, taken to be 'having a mind';
At that time, after awakening, entirely 'No-mind'.
Though No-mind, able to illuminate and function;
Illumination and function are constantly quiescent, precisely Thusness.

Further saying:

No-mind, no illumination, and also no function;
No illumination and no function is precisely the Unconditioned.
This is the True Dharma-realm of the Tathāgata,
Not the same as Bodhisattvas or Pratyekabuddhas.
The statement 'No-mind' implies the absence of a mind with delusory appearances.

Disciple: "What is named 'Supreme' (Taishang)?"

Teacher: "'Tai' means great; 'Shang' means high. Because it exhausts the marvelous Principle of the highest height, it is called 'Supreme' (Taishang). Furthermore, 'Tai' signifies a position of pervasive peace.

Although the heavens of the Three Realms possess the longevity of the Yan-kang aeon[3], their fortune ends, and thus they eventually cycle through the Six Realms; this is not sufficient to be considered 'Tai'.

Although the Bodhisattvas of the Ten Abodes have exited birth and death, the marvelous Principle is not yet ultimate; this is also not considered 'Tai'.

In the mind-practice of the Ten Abodes, regarding existence as delusory, one enters non-existence; further, one negates that non-existence, so that [the duality of] existence [and non-existence] is explicitly dispatched. However, if one does not forget the Middle Way, this is also not considered 'Tai'.

If one further forgets the Middle Way, and the three locations [inside, outside, and in between] are all exhausted, the position is entirely Marvelous Awakening. Although the Bodhisattva dispatches the three locations, if he cannot be without that 'Marvelousness', it is also not considered 'Tai'.

If one further forgets that 'Marvelousness', then the Buddha Way reaches the ultimate, and there is nothing remaining. With no remaining thought, there is no thinking or anxiety; both the delusory mind and wisdom eternally rest; awakening and illumination are both exhausted; it is quiescent and Unconditioned. This is named 'Tai'.

'Tai' has the meaning of the ultimate Principle; 'Shang' means unequalled. Therefore, it is called 'Supreme'. It is precisely another name for the Buddha Tathāgata."

End of the Treatise on No-Mind by the Great Master Bodhidharma.


[2] A gap exists in the Chinese text here in some recensions; translated from context.

[3] Yan-kang (延康): A term from Daoist cosmology indicating the final kalpa/aeon.


Comparative Notes: High-Fidelity vs. Earlier Translations (Urs App, 1995)

While Urs App’s 1995 translation is a pioneering scholarly work that made this text accessible, this High-Fidelity translation diverges in key areas to correct subtle reifications of the self and to restore precise Madhyamaka terminology over Taoist-flavored renderings.

The Subjectless Function vs. The Inserted "I"

  • Source: 见终日见 (Jiàn zhōngrì jiàn - literally: "See all day see")

  • Urs App: "[I] see throughout the day... [I] hear all day long..."

  • This Translation: "Even if there is seeing, seeing all day long is essentially non-seeing; seeing is also No-mind."

  • Rationale: The original Chinese in this passage is grammatically subjectless, emphasizing the function rather than the agent. Inserting "[I]" (even in brackets) subtly reinforces the "Trap of the Knower"—the idea that there is a static "Self" performing the seeing. The High-Fidelity translation preserves the self-less, spontaneous nature of the function: seeing happens, but no "seer" is found.

Unobtainable vs. Grasped

  • Source: 不可得 (Bù kě dé)

  • Urs App: "Grasped" or "Attained" (e.g., "nothing at all can be grasped")

  • This Translation: "Unobtainable."

  • Rationale: Bù kě dé is the standard Chinese translation for the Sanskrit Anupalabdha (unfindability/unobtainability). This is a precise ontological statement: phenomena do not have an inherent essence that can be located. Translating it as "Grasped" shifts the meaning to a psychological act (the subject failing to hold something), whereas "Unobtainable" correctly points to the emptiness of the object itself.

The Unconditioned vs. Wuwei

  • Source: 无为 (Wúwéi)

  • Urs App: "Wuwei" (left untranslated/pinyin).

  • This Translation: "The Unconditioned."

  • Rationale: While Wuwei is a Taoist term for "non-action," in this specific Buddhist context (describing the "True Dharma-realm of the Tathāgata"), it corresponds to the Sanskrit Asaṃskṛta—the Unconditioned (that which is not created, compounded, or subject to birth and death). Leaving it as "Wuwei" keeps the reader in a Taoist framework; translating it as "Unconditioned" correctly places the text within the Buddhist soteriological framework of Nirvana.

Spirit of Mind vs. Mind

  • Source: 心神 (Xīn Shén)

  • Urs App: "Mind."

  • This Translation: "Spirit of Mind."

  • Rationale: The text explicitly uses Shén (Spirit/Divinity/Marvelous) in the verse ("The Spirit of Mind tends toward quiescence"). Urs App collapses this into simply "Mind." The High-Fidelity translation retains "Spirit" to capture the text's nuance regarding the luminous, marvelous, and unfathomable nature of this awareness, distinguishing it from the deluded conceptual mind.

Recursive Negation vs. Negation of Practice

  • Source: 不可得亦不可得 (Bù kě dé yì bù kě dé)

  • Urs App: "Not-grasping included!"

  • This Translation: "Unobtainable is also unobtainable."

  • Rationale: App’s translation ("Not-grasping included") sounds like an instruction on how to practice (i.e., "don't even grasp at not-grasping"). The High-Fidelity translation captures the Madhyamaka logical collapse: even the concept of "emptiness" or "unobtainability" is itself empty and cannot be established as a foothold.




Chinese Original

菩提达摩大师无心论

夫至理无言,要假言而显理。大道无相,为接粗而见形。今且假立二人,共谈无心之论矣。

弟子问和尚曰:“有心无心?”

答曰:“无心。”

问曰:“既云无心,谁能见闻觉知,谁知无心?”

答曰:“还是无心既见闻觉知,还是无心能知无心。”

问曰:“既若无心,即合无有见闻觉知,云何得有见闻觉知?”

答曰:“我虽无心,能见能闻能觉能知。”

问曰:“既能见闻觉知,即是有心,那得称无?”

答曰:“只是见闻觉知,即是无心。何处更离见闻觉知别有无心。我今恐汝不解,一一为汝解说。令汝得悟真理,假如见终日见由为无见,见亦无心;闻终日闻由为无闻,闻亦无心;觉终日觉由为无觉,觉亦无心;知终日知由为无知,知亦无心;终日造作,作亦无作,作亦无心。故云见闻觉知总是无心。”

问曰:“若为能得知是无心?”

答曰:“汝但仔细推求看,心作何相貌?其心复可得,是心不是心。为复在内、为复在外、为复在中间?如是三处推求,觅心了不可得,乃至于一切处求觅亦不可得。当知即是无心。”

问曰:“和尚既云,一切处总是无心,即合无有罪福,何故众生轮回六趣生死不断?”

答曰:“众生迷妄,于无心中而妄生心,造种种业,妄执为有,足可致使轮回六趣,生死不断。譬有人,于暗中见杌为鬼,见绳为蛇,便生恐怖。众生妄执,亦复如是。于无心中,妄执有心,造种种业,而实无不轮回六趣。如是众生,若遇大善知识,教令坐禅,觉悟无心,一切业障,尽皆销灭,生死即断。譬如暗中,日光一照,而暗皆尽。若悟无心,一切罪灭亦复如是。”

问曰:“弟子愚昧,心犹未了,审一切处,六根所用者应?”

答曰:“语种种施为烦恼菩提,生死涅槃,定无心否?答曰:定是无心。只为众生妄执有心,即有一切烦恼生死、菩提涅槃。若觉无心,即无一切烦恼生死涅槃。是故,如来为有心者说有生死,菩提对烦恼得名,涅槃者对生死得名,此皆对治之法。若无心可得,即烦恼菩提亦不可得,乃至生死涅槃亦不可得。”

问曰:“菩提涅槃既不可得,过去诸佛皆得菩提,此谓可乎?”

答曰:“但以世谛文字之言得,于真谛实无可得。故《维摩经》云:‘菩提者,不可以身得,不可以心得。’此外《金刚经》云:‘无有少法可得。’诸佛如来,但以不可得而得。当知有心即一切有,无心一切无。”

问曰:“和尚既云,于一切处尽皆无心,木石亦无心,岂不同于木石乎?”

答曰:“而我无心,心不同木石。何以故?譬如天鼓,虽复无心,自然出种种妙法教化众生。又如如意珠,虽复无心,自然能作种种变现。而我无心,亦复如是。虽复无心,善能觉了诸法实相,具真般若,三身自在,应用无妨。故《宝积经》云:‘以无心意而现行’,岂同木石乎?夫无心者,即真心也;真心者,即无心也。”

问曰:“今于心中,作若为修行?”

答曰:“但于一切事上觉了,无心即是修行,更不别有修行。故知无心即一切,寂灭即无心也。”

弟子于是忽然大悟,始知心外无物,物外无心,举止动用,皆得自在,断诸疑网,更无挂碍。即起作礼,而铭无心,乃为颂曰:

“心神向寂,无色无形。睹之不见,听之无声。似暗非暗,如明不明。舍之不灭,取之无生。大即廓周法界,小即毛竭不停。烦恼混之不浊,涅槃澄之不清。真如本无分别,能辩有情无情。收之一切不立,散之普遍含灵。妙神非知所测,正觅绝于修行。灭则不见其坏,生则不见其成。大道寂号无相,万像窈号无名。如斯运用自在,总是无心之精。”

和尚又告曰:“诸般若中,以无心般若而为最上,故《维摩经》云:‘以无心意无受行,而悉拙伏外道。’又《法鼓经》:‘若知无心可得,法即不可得,罪福亦不可得,生死涅槃亦不可得,乃至一切尽不可得,不可得亦不可得。’”

乃为颂曰:“昔日迷时为有心,尔时悟罢了无心。虽复无心能照用,照用常寂即如如。”

重曰:“无心无照亦无用,无照无用即无为。此是如来真法界,不同菩萨为辟支。言无心者,即无妄相心也。”

又问:“何名为太上?”

答曰:“太者大也,上者高也。穷高之妙理,故云太上也。又太者,通泰位也。三界之天虽有延康之寿,福尽是故终轮回六趣,未足为太。十住菩萨虽出离生死,而妙理未极,亦未为太。十住修心,妄有入无,又无其无有双遣,不忘中道,亦未为太。又忘中道,三处都尽,位皆妙觉。菩萨虽遣三处,不能无其所妙,亦未为太。又忘其妙,则佛道至极,则无所存。无存思则无思虑,兼妄心智永息,觉照俱尽,寂然无为,此名为太也。太是理极之义,上是无等色,故云太上,即之佛如来之别名也。”

《菩提达摩大师无心论》卷终