Soh

 Conversation — 18 January 2010

AEN: Hi, did you receive my messages?

Thusness: What messages?

AEN: Quite a few things. "Just now meditating I have a sense that everything is not me, the mind and body are just doing its own things but its not me, they're just impersonal stuff happening in vast space. I now better understand what Kenneth meant when he said the transpersonal self has no stake in whether the body mind lives or dies, a.k.a. no dog." Is this what you mean by impersonality?

Also, Mikael said he wants to try Kundalini because he isn't progressing much with the direct path and I wanted to ask you what you think about it. And also yesterday I wanted to ask you what was wrong with what I wrote... you also said awareness is uncaused right? It seems like classical mapping of stages of enlightenment emphasizes a lot on clearing fetters like different kinds of cravings, pride, etc. http://web.ukonline.co.uk/buddhism/sammapa2.htm

Have you seen Longchen's recent postings?

Thusness: That is not what I meant by impersonality.

AEN: I see. By the way, is there anything wrong in saying that awareness is uncaused?

Thusness: What do you mean by uncaused? And what do you mean by awareness?

AEN: Uncaused means it isn't created from something else right, and it's always present? No causes and conditions are needed for awareness to be present? Awareness is just vivid clear knowing? Like Guru Padmasambhava said, "This inherent self-awareness does not derive from anything outside itself."

Thusness: If this is what you meant about uncaused, then you should examine your understanding of 'uncaused'. Do you see awareness as always present?

AEN: Yes.

Thusness: Are you sure?

AEN: Yes.

Thusness: This would mean that you have already experienced the presence of clear luminosity in all three states. Have you?

AEN: No.

Thusness: Then what makes you say you are sure?

AEN: Don't know... awareness doesn't feel like an experience that is gained or lost?

Thusness: Then how can you say you are sure? Next, at this present moment, do you see awareness as free from conditions?

AEN: It seems like awareness is not something that can move or can be lost even though the states change from conscious to non-conscious.

Thusness: I have no idea how you derived that. If you attempt to understand Awareness that way, then you will never understand what Awareness is.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: You do not deduce, induce and think... it is a realization like what I told you about "I AMness." You are perfectly clear of its vivid luminosity, aliveness; there is nothing to derive.

AEN: Awareness feels like the always present ground of being, doesn't move. I see.

Thusness: By saying that, you have not even understood One Mind. First what is non-dual to you?

AEN: Everything is self-knowing awareness? There's no distance or division. Non-dual just means in seeing just forms, no separate seer right?

Thusness: No.

AEN: Don't know.

Thusness: There is no division between subject and object.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Now I have told you that one can experience non-dual—meaning he/she does not experience any split—but have no idea what causes the split, why there is such a split, and the way of dissolving the split. Next, you have to face the question, "If there is no split, then how are you going to dissolve the split?"

AEN: Through insight?

Thusness: Insight is just a word.

AEN: I see. By feeling everything without duality?

Thusness: When Joan Tollifson says there is "no body, only sensations", she understands clearly the power of the 'word' body. How it 'blinds' the mind. She does not mean that 'body' does not exist conventionally.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Similarly when a practitioner speaks of non-dual, he penetrates and has seen through the illusion of 'division'. This is different from just mere non-dual experience.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: But both are of different experiences and realization—"division" and "no body". Same applies to "coming and going". It does not mean that once you experienced non-dual, you will penetrate the meaning of "no coming or going".

AEN: I see. Rupert Spira said, "The idea that there is a mind which contains memories, hopes, fears and desires is itself simply a thought that appears from time to time like any other thought, in Consciousness. There is no mind as such. The existence of a mind is simply an idea, a concept. It is a useful concept but it is not a fact of experience. Likewise, we do not experience the body in the way we normally conceive it. In fact there is no body as such. There is a series of sensations and perceptions appearing in Consciousness. And from time to time, there is a thought or an image of a 'body,' which is considered to be the sum total of all these sensations and perceptions. However, this thought or image appears in Consciousness in exactly the same way as the sensations and perceptions to which it apparently refers. And this apparent body is made of the same substance as a thought. It is made of mind, taking mind in the broadest sense of the term, to include sensing and perceiving as well as thinking. If we stick closely to the actual experience of our bodily sensations, we see that they are shapeless and contourless. We may experience a visual perception of the skin and from several different perceptions conceive a well-defined border which contains all other bodily sensations. However, this conception does not describe the Reality of our experience. The visual perception of the surface of the body is one perception. A bodily sensation is another perception. When one of these perceptions is present the other is not. If they are both present, they are one perception, one experience. One perception cannot appear within another. All perceptions appear within Consciousness. We do not experience a sensation inside the body. What we call the body is in fact the experience of a sensation. We do not experience a sensation within a well defined contour of skin. We experience a sensation within Consciousness and we experience a visual perception within consciousness.

"We can explore this further by imagining what it would be like to draw our actual experience of the body at any given moment, on a piece of paper. Would it look anything like the body we normally conceive? Would it not be a collection of minute, amorphous abstract marks, floating on the page, without a shape or a border? Is not the actual experience of the body a collection of minute, amorphous, tingling sensations free-floating in the space of Consciousness? And if we look at these sensations, are they not permeated and saturated with the presence of Consciousness in which they appear? The continuity and coherence that we normally ascribe to the body in fact belong to Consciousness. In fact our true body is Consciousness. It is Consciousness that houses all sensations that we normally refer to as the body. Our true body is open, transparent, weightless and limitless. It is inherently empty and yet contains all things within itself. That is why such an empty body is also inherently loving. It is the welcoming embrace of all things."

Thusness: A person that experiences this also experiences mind/body drop. However, that is One Mind. Only when you get to there, then we discuss further. I wrote that in one of Dharma Dan forum too. About awareness and sensations.

AEN: I see... Hmm... can't remember but familiar. To Gozen? Oh yes, to Gary: http://dharmaoverground.wetpaint.com/thread/2657969/The+mind+and+the+watcher

Gary: "In walking meditation the "I" appears to place or make sense of the sensory perception. This involves a body image for example foot sensations are perceived to be at the foot, movement is perceived in relation to the previous position. Once in walking meditation I had the body disappear so there was just the feet touch sensations belonging and going nowhere. Does this describe direct without intermediary?"

Yes Gary, what you said is correct. It is only a matter of depth and intensity, ie, how clear, how vivid, how real, how pristine the arising and passing sensations are when compared to the “I AM”. In the case of “I AM”, it is so clear, so real and so pristine that it burns away all traces of doubts. Absolutely certain, still and thoughtless that even Buddha is unable to shake the practitioner from this direct Realization of “I-ness”.

By the way, there should not be any ‘image’ in whatever experienced, thus, direct.

With regards to the “body's disappearance” that you mentioned, it relates to an experience called the “mind-body drop”. There are few more important points that you may want to take note:

  1. It is not just due to “concentration on the sensations, the body image had no opportunity to arise”, the insight that mind and body are mere constructs must also arise and the disappearance is also the result of dissolving of these constructs.

  2. Mind-body drop must also come with a sense of lightness. In the first few glimpses, you will also feel weightless and when the experience becomes clearer, you will also realize the “weight” of these constructs.

  3. From the constructs, you may also want to explore further what happen when the constructs of “in/out” disappears.

Lastly the practice of self enquiry is not without danger. A practitioner can also be led into a state of utter confusions when exploring the ‘I’ through mere analytical process. So practice with care.

Thusness: Not just that. Another one about awareness and sensations. But what Rupert said is exactly what I want to convey to Gary.

AEN: I see... in the post on awareness and sensations? Or the post above?

Thusness: I said if we truly and directly experience sensations as it is, then we will realize sensations share similar nature as awareness, they share the same taste.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: If we ask “Who am I”, does the question already condition the experience from beginning? If we look for a 'who' and enter into the realm of pure, it naturally becomes a pure subject. Is the subject that important in the realm of pure? Similarly when we say 'here and now', has the mind already pre-assumed the existence of space and time?

If for a moment we are able to free ourselves from of all sort of definitions and labellings, feel the bare sensations without words, feel 'aliveness', feel 'existence' then search with our entire being its 'location'. Have the same sort of 'awakeness' for 'location' as we have for “I AM”. Is impermanence a movement from here to there?

If we penetrate deeply, it will reveal that there is nothing here, nothing now, nothing self, yet, there is vivid appearance. There is only always vivid appearance which is the very living presence that dependently originates whenever condition is. And what that dependently originates does not arise, does not cease, does not come, does not go.

We may then have an intuitive glimpse that direct path and vipassana are intimately related. :)

AEN: I see... so transience can only be Presence, it is not a time and space thing.

Thusness: Just now I told about 'body', 'dual', 'coming and going'. Do you know what that means?

AEN: You mean this: it does not mean that once you experienced non-dual, you will penetrate the meaning of "no coming or going"

Thusness: Yes. But there is another important thing, but you pasted me the Rupert passage. So what is seeing dual, body, coming and going mean?

AEN: Imposing an inherent and dualistic framework on experience so it seems there's division and entities?

Thusness: Yes, that is seeing things inherently. So a practitioner goes through one by one and later from the insight of emptiness realizes it is all about seeing things inherently. Then the practitioner progress further.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: You must know what is meant by 'inherent' experientially. It is referring to the 'blinding factor' as in the case of the 'body', 'dual'. Then a practitioner resolve all these into the One Mind, One Awareness, One Consciousness. This too must be dissolved. :)

AEN: I see... By the way, do you see awareness as always present?

Thusness: I see it that way but not as what you think.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: You see awareness and manifestation as separate. You see caused and uncaused as separate.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: My understanding of uncaused is from causes and conditions; my understanding of awareness is from manifestation. But it is difficult to explain to you. At present you only understand what I meant—I see awareness from manifestation—from the insight of anatta.

AEN: I see. Yeah I don't really understand uncaused is from causes and conditions.

Thusness: Think there is a passage in Nonduality by David Loy.

AEN: Sentience cannot be resulted from insentient conditions right. I see. Oh the one I sent you before?

Thusness: Think so.

AEN: I see. David Loy in Nonduality: "The hierarchy that causality constructs must collapse into an interpenetration in which each event is equally conditioned by the whole and manifests that whole as the only thing in the universe. ...we find ourselves in a universe of sunya-events, none of which can be said to occur for the sake of any other. Each nondual event -- every leaf-flutter, wandering thought, and piece of litter -- is whole and complete in itself, because although conditioned by everything else in the universe and thus a manifestation of it, for precisely that reason it is not subordinated to anything else but becomes an unconditioned end-in-itself..."

Thusness: And you must experience what's said directly as this moment of vivid living presence.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Think through and summarize, don't cut and paste.

Soh

元音老人97年在美国加州法印寺的开示


           在美国加州法印寺的开示


          元音老人1997年在美国加州法印寺的开示磁带整理

                妙輝轉載整理


诸位大善知识:


讲到佛法本来无话可说。因为一切众生皆具如来智慧德相,凡有言说皆非实意,佛说法犹为“拈黄叶止小儿啼”。法无定法,佛说法是应病予药,生什么病吃什么药,没有一定,对症予药都是良药,所以各种法门宗派一律平等,无有高下。


近代由于时局环境变化之故,众生根机比较陋劣,业障深重。深重之故,根性比较差,修法看来还是以净土最为恰当,契理契机,最适合众生修证。净土法门非常简宜便当,只持一句“阿弥陀佛”就可以解决一切问题。一句“阿弥陀佛”可以把三藏十二部经文包括在内,把一切宗都包括含藏,确实是三根普摄,八教圆赅的好法。可惜现在的一些净土学人没有专心致志地持这句圣号,在大陆流传着一个很不好的说法,说什么“散心念佛,带业往生”,这就是说,可以一面念佛,一面动脑筋讲废话,这样可以带着业障往生西方。假如真是如此便当,莲池大师就不会在后来说:“念佛者多,生西者少,何也?念佛心不痛切故!”为什么念佛者多,生西者少呢?因为我们念佛的心不是虔诚的、真心实意的、痛切的,而是马马虎虎、敷敷衍衍,故而憨山大师说:“口念弥陀心散乱,喊破喉咙也徒然。”你心里乱七八糟的,念佛喊破喉咙也没有用。这种“散心念佛,带业往生”的说法很不好。在大陆还流传着一个更不好的说法,说什么“只要我们相信阿弥陀佛,不用念佛,临命终时,也可以往生西方极乐世界”。越传越坏,那个是散心念佛,这个连散心念佛也不要了。这样乱传,把佛法都破坏了,他自己还以为找到了窍门。


我们说,不论净土宗、禅宗还是密宗,都要好好用功,不好好用功,光靠他力而没有自力,是不能成功的。常言道:“不经一番寒彻骨,哪得梅花扑鼻香。”我们念佛要死心塌地、老老实实,如憨山大师教导我们:“念佛如推重车上山,极力追顶。”一字接一字、一句接一句,字字清爽,这样才得力。紫柏禅师说:我们念佛是否可以生西方,自己就可以检查,怎么检查呢?在两头检查,一头顺境,一头逆境。顺境时你高兴得不得了,念佛之心忘到脑后去了,没有佛念了;逆境之时,烦恼光火,佛念也没有了,这两头做不了主,跟着境界跑,临命终时就很危险。因为正念提不起,临命终时四大分散,非常痛苦,特别是风大分散,身体就象刀一层一层刮掉一样,痛苦不堪。那时人昏迷不醒,你佛号还提得起吗?所以释迦牟尼佛教导我们:“执持名号,若一日、若二日、若三日、若四日、若五日、若六日、若七日,一心不乱。”“执”就是抓得紧,“持”就是锲而不舍,就是佛号和我们的心契合到一块,心佛不两分,心佛打成一片,心即是佛,佛就是心,契合一致。这样才能一日至七日,自始至终,一心不乱。所以我们专心致志念佛非常重要。


念佛往生西方极乐世界,是否需要念佛三昧,这是一个关键问题,必须搞清爽。有的人说:“我们往生西方是靠他力,靠阿弥陀佛的愿力接引生西的,不是靠自己,不需要。”殊不知,要他力先需自力,自己一点力量没有,光靠他力办不到。比如世间的事,请人帮忙办事,自己一点本事没有,光靠他人能成功吗?佛法就是世法,世法就是佛法,世法如此,佛法何尝不是如此呢?所以依靠他力,自己先要有相当力量。印光大师曾经说,念佛要“切切提撕”。“提”就是聚精会神,把这句佛号提到心中。“撕”就是撕破,就是念佛时要带参究,“阿弥陀佛,阿弥陀佛,阿弥陀佛......”佛号是从何处念出来的?!念佛者是谁?!看起来象参话头,其实净土就是禅。印光大师说:“须向这一念‘南无阿弥陀佛’上,重重体究,切切提撕,越究越切,愈提愈亲。及至力极功纯,豁然和念脱落,证入无念无不念境界”。“豁然和念脱落”者,就是念佛念到无可念处了。念佛的心本来是妄心,妄心不动的时候,佛号就念不出来了,能念之心和所念之佛号一时脱落,这就撕破了。印光大师还说:“功夫至此,念佛法得,感应道交,正好着力。其相如云散长空,青天彻露,亲见本来,本无所见。无见是真见,有见即随尘。到此则山色溪声,咸是第一义谛;鸦鸣鹊噪,无非最上真乘。活泼泼应诸法,而不住一法;光皎皎照诸境,而了无一物。语其用,如旭日之东升,圆明朗照;语其体,犹皓月之西落,清净寂灭。即照即寂,即寂即照,双存双泯,绝待圆融。譬若雪覆千山,海吞万派,唯是一色,了无异味,无罣无碍,自在自如。论其利益,现在则未离娑婆,常预海会;临终则一登上品,顿证佛乘。唯有家里人,方知家里事。语于门外汉,遭谤定无疑。”本体无相,说似一物即不中。然而,启用的时候,则如东升之旭日,普照大千,光吞万象。我们的真如佛性就是这样的妙体妙用,念佛就可以证到。


净土宗普遍有这样的一句话:“花开见佛悟无生。”这是说我们精勤用功,念佛念得好,念到妄心断掉,佛号脱落,心花就开敷了。我们的肉团心象莲花一样,上面圆圆的,下面尖尖的。用莲花表示心,一是形象,二是表示其“出污泥而不染”。我们虽然在娑婆世界,在一切烦恼当中,常住真心也一尘不染。只要我们努力用功,专心念佛,心清净了,心花就会开敷。我们的肉团心在两种情况下可以开:一种是入三昧定时,它可以开放,开放的越大,我们见到的光明就越大。另一种是在断气的时候,最后一口气一吐出去,触到心胞边的死穴,我们的肉团心就开敷了,第八识就走了,人也死掉了。第八识是最后走,法相宗说:“去后来先做主公。”去是后去,来是先来。我们做功夫做得好,心花开放,就能见到我们的自性佛。阿弥陀佛就是自性佛。因为千佛万佛共一体,没有两样。就象电灯光,光光相摄,互不妨碍。所以见到自性佛就是见到阿弥陀佛。“花开见佛悟无生”这句话就是叫我们把功夫做好,那么,当下心花就会开放,当下就能够见到自性佛。心里清净了,当下就是西方极乐世界。《弥陀经》里面就有“于彼国土,若已生、若今生、若当生。”这是说我们生西方不一定死下来,当下就可以往生,这就看我们怎么做功夫了。


念佛三昧证到了,就是禅宗,就是密宗。密宗靠身口意三密加持,打开秘密宝藏,净土念佛号也等于持咒,打开我们自己的本性,也就是打开秘密宝藏。修法时都是身口意三密加持,我们跏趺而坐,手结法界定印,手脚不动,这样身体就不容易动,这叫身密。口念佛号不停,叫口密。念诵时不能随便讲话,一些人很不好,一边念佛一边讲废话,张家长李家短,媳妇怎么不好,女儿怎么好,这个心还能一致吗?口密就是念佛号绵密不断,念到妄想断处,佛号念不出来的时候才正好。这个时候往往有人害怕:“哎呀,怎么没有念了?佛号也没有了,我要离开佛了吧?我要落空了吧?”其实这个时候正好,他不知道此时乃心佛道交打成一片的时候。本来很好,要走进去了,要入念佛三昧了,一害怕就退回来了。念佛时,心不散乱、意不颠倒,就是意密。我们念佛要知道这种境界。因此说,净士宗就是禅宗,打开本来见到自性,不就是禅宗所说的“正法眼藏,涅槃妙心”吗?不就是密宗所说的“打开密秘宝藏”吗?所以净土宗、禅宗、密宗完全一样,没有两样。


讲到禅宗更好理解了。其他宗不免在外面兜兜圈子,禅宗则直下见性,直指人心,见性成佛,一点圈子也不用兜。诞生王子,将来一定继承王位成佛。可惜末法时代的人根机陋劣,不能当下直接见性。禅宗大祖师们看我们根机不好,就不给我们直指了,而是叫我们参话头。我直指叫你见性你不信,你以为:“见性就这么便当吗?”其实我们的佛性不在别处,而是时时在我们面门放光,我们能见、能说、能闻、能行、能做事,这一切都是佛性的妙用,离开佛性我们就不能动。我们能看见东西的不是眼睛,而是佛性的作用。


现在科学家也说,能看见东西的不是眼睛,是大脑视神经的作用。如果大脑视神经坏了,眼睛再好也看不到,视神经起了大作用。但是他只说对了一半,为什么?视神经只是电线,眼睛是电灯泡,假如我们一口气不来了,尽管眼睛还在,大脑还在,但是你看不到东西,这是什么缘故呢?因为佛性离开了你,断了电。电没有相,我们通过电灯泡可以看到电的作用。


能看到东西就是佛性的妙用。释迦佛正月初八夜睹明星悟道,他怎么悟道的呢?他心空了,突然明白:“我能看到星星,这是什么在起作用呢?”这是佛性的作用。世间的一切都是佛性的显现,离开佛性一切都没有。能看到一切就是佛性妙用。那么众生都能见能闻,这不是和佛一样吗?他们怎么不知道呢?众生虽然有和佛一样的智慧德相,但由于颠倒妄想执着之故而迷失了本性,对外界的欲望盖住了本性光明,淹没了本性光明。这在宗下说:“只为亲切甚,反令荐得迟。”因为太亲近了,常在你面门放光,你反而不见。就象用手蒙住你的眼睛,就看不到了。我们时时都在佛性的妙用当中,自己反倒不知道。


有的人学佛法求神通,他不知道我们时时都在神通当中,我们穿衣吃饭就是神通啊!“不对不对,人人都能穿衣吃饭,怎么是神通呢?”其实每个人都是大神通。你一口气不来了,你还能穿衣吃饭吗?穿衣的是谁?吃饭的是谁?这不是佛性的妙用吗?可惜我们心有所著而不通,停留在某些事物上,停留在某些念头上,不肯放下。所以虽有神用而不通,这是住相之故。晓得一切相都是性所显现的、变现的影子,而不住着它,利用它而不被它所用,那就悟道了。祖师们说:“坐在饭箩边,饿死人无数。”坐在饭箩边,饿了就盛饭吃好了,为什么视而不见乃至饿死呢?时时在佛性的妙用当中而不知,却另求所谓的神通。他以为只有天眼通、天耳通、神足通、宿命通、他心通才是真正的神通,其实那些都是佛性的妙用。佛性无所不能,所以叫神,但是你有执着就不通了。世间的财、色、名、食、睡等等一切都是假的,空花水月,眼翳之花,眼睛有病之故。水中月亮的影子捞得到吗?所以不要去捞。都是习气深重之故,一时放不下来,佛就教我们一个念佛法门:“阿弥陀佛,阿弥陀佛,阿弥陀佛......”用佛号转换妄心,把执着的习气转光,叫你不要再执着恋着,再追求。八识田里的种子清净了,就能转识成智了。


禅宗参话头就是这个道理。参“念佛是谁”,若说是“我”念佛,什么是“我”?身体是我吗?如果一口气不来了,他不能动了,还能念吗?思想是我吗?毗舍浮佛说:“心本无生因境有。”心就是思想,它本来没有,因为反映外面的客观世界才有,它是六尘落谢的影子。身不是你,思想也不是你,那么,什么是你呢?在这上面起个大疑问,把你所有的妄想都隔断了,到外不能入、内不能出时,你真正不动了,好消息就来了。时节因缘一到,“啪”地一下就打开了。禅宗就用这个妙法帮你打开。


历代禅宗大德本来是直接指示学人见性悟道的,但到了宋朝以后,人心渐渐陋劣,就开了参话头的修法。因为直接指示太便当了,便当之故而不肯,还以为见性悟道就要发神通。假若你没有神通,那么你就没有悟道。用神通来衡量是不是悟道。其实开悟和神通是两码事,就象开悟和入定是两码事一样,你定功很好,能到初禅、二禅、三禅、四禅,但是没有开悟的还不在少数,因为他住在定里面了。初禅喜、二禅乐、三禅妙乐、四禅清净,住在清净里不开悟的,有的是。发神通是开悟吗?外道都有神通,外道开悟了吗?罗汉都有神通,罗汉见性开悟了吗?没有。他只断了人我执,法我执还未除。所以是开悟和神通两码事。从前,古人根机很深厚,有的人是先发神通后开悟,这是报通,有前世修的基础,今世有报偿了。先通后悟还好,若住在神通上,要成魔的,反而不好。


我们常常举近代的一个例子。张献忠造反的时候,破山祖师在四川双慧堂开堂说法,他是浙江宁波天童山密云圆悟禅师的弟子。他开悟前可以出意生身,常常出意生身抓乡人的鸭子,被密云圆悟禅师斥责为:“神通虽不无,佛法未梦见”。什么是意生身呢?意生身是佛教的说法,道家称为阳神。第七识意根,是第六识的根子,第七识出来了就叫意生身。它是影象,是识神,不是我们的本来面目,不是佛性真如妙体,而道家却认为是本来面目,所以道家不究竟。有三种意生身:三昧乐正受意生身、觉法自性性意生身、种类俱生无行作意生身。第一种意生身不开悟也可以出来,若打坐功夫做得好,深入禅定,六根清净了,眼耳鼻舌身意清净了,不动了,第七识就可以自由出来了。因为第七识是传达识,它接受外面六识的影子消息,然后传到第八识含藏识里面。前面六识不动了,没有东西传给它,压住它,它就自然出来了。第一种意生身叫“三昧乐正受意生身”,深入三昧,快乐无比,这种乐不是世间任何快乐可以比拟的。有句话说:“好个风流画不成”,这个时候无法形容,无法描绘。这个时候不动了,第七识就可以自由出来,形成“三昧乐正受意生身”。后面两种意生身,须到五地以上。五地称为“难胜地”,这一关更难透过。参禅开悟的人才登初地,要一地、二地、三地.……十地上上升进。五地这一关很难透过。我们执着的习气很深,并不是开悟了习气就光了,八识田里的习气种子还很多。这些习气有见惑思惑的不同。


见惑就是知见不正,见有五种:身见、边见、邪见、见取见、戒禁取见。身见认为身体是我,我要享受,享受就需要钱,乃至为了搞到钱不择手段,偷抢砸都来了,搞得社会不得安宁。所以身见第一不好。边见就是关于死后有没有,有的说有,有的说没有,两边倒。邪见就是拨无因果,说没有因果、没有地狱,坏事尽管做,这是邪见。见取见就是不正确的见解,却认为是正确的,而传播到世上来,毒害很多人。戒禁取见,就是邪戒。这些都是知见不正,但这些都容易除,知见正就可以断掉。


下面简略说说“五住烦恼”:(一)见一处住地,即上述见惑。(二)欲爱住地,即欲界之烦恼。(三)色爱住地,即色界之烦恼。(四)有爱住地,即无色界之烦恼。(五)无明住地,即三界一切之无明,又称“无明惑”。中间三种称为“思惑”。后面的这四种,需要我们开悟之后断除。


先说三种思惑:第一种是欲爱住地烦恼,欲界众生淫欲心很重,其它色相(如声色犬马之好)也都爱。有爱就有住,有住就有烦恼,有烦恼就要遭果报。要把欲界烦恼除掉。第二种是色爱住地烦恼,色界超过我们欲界。欲界天有六层,超上去是色界四禅天,四禅天有四层,禅天的景相比我们欲界更精细微妙,更加好看,更让人留恋忘返。打坐修法的定功,初禅喜,二禅乐,三禅妙乐,四禅清净,很容易让人粘著在上边,住在清净里面走不出来,如陷阱一样陷住你。也要把它打掉、消掉。第三种是无色界的有爱住地烦恼,无色界听起来没有色相,其实还是有相,但它更加精细,近于邻虚,我们肉眼看不到。


把三界爱住烦恼消光,还有无始无明,叫一念无明,就是我们有生以来的与佛性俱生的无明。佛性和无明不是二分的,不是先有佛性后有无明,有佛性的时候就有无明,叫俱生无明。把前面的见、思二惑除光了,才能够除这个无明住地烦恼。无明住地是法我,前面是人我。人我除了,再除法我。所以做功夫并不那么简单,不是一下子能了。禅宗开悟以后不能了生死,因为开悟之后还有法我烦恼未了,还有生死往来。


有些净土宗行人常常因此排谤禅宗,说禅宗不好:“开悟见性了还不能了生死,还是我净土宗好,一到西方一切都解决了。”还举了很多例子,什么五祖戒、草堂青。五祖戒是云门宗第三代传人,再来投胎成了苏东坡,苏东坡开悟了吗?了生死了吗?草堂青再来投胎成了曾鲁公,见性成功了吗?没有。“所以还是我净土宗好。”其实,各宗有各宗的立场,不要彼此排谤。禅宗要发大愿,此时不悟来世进一步修,有宏誓大愿维持之故,人身不失,善根不断。只要打开本来、见到本性,纵然分段生死不了,顶多七生天上七返人间,就了了分段生死,这是最差的。好一点的三返人天,就了了分段生死。更好一点的一生就成功了。所以功夫要看各人怎么做。不是参禅开悟就了事了,因习气深重之故。禅宗要破三关,见性开悟破初关,断见惑,思惑还未了。就象我们要进这个禅堂,身子没有进来,头先伸进来了,看到了禅堂的情形,但人还没有真正进来。还要除习气,把爱住烦恼去掉,才能登堂入室,入法身正位,这叫破重关。这时候是什么景象呢?做到了一切顺境没有一丝喜爱之心,一切逆境没有一丝烦恼之意,因为都是假相嘛,都是影子嘛,都不可得,有什么欢喜烦恼呢?他心真空净了,一点不动了,毫无住着。假若境界来了,他还有住着,都不算。做到这里,你就自然发起神通了。


法相宗说:“发起初心欢喜地,俱生犹自现缠眠。远行地后纯无漏,观察圆明照大千。”“发起初地欢喜地”就是打开本来,见到了本来面目。初地称为欢喜地。“俱生犹自现缠眠”,开悟之后,还有俱生的我执、法执缠住你,捆住你,不叫你悟无生。还有种子在,遇缘还要发起现行。也就是还有执着。现行就是逐境造业,所以还不行。“远行地后纯无漏”,远行地是第七地,远行地后就是第八地。到了第八地才叫无漏位,才是真无为。“观察圆明照大千”,一定要历境炼心,在境上磨练,把执着的习气消光,才能够了分段生死,才能够发神通,天眼通、天耳通、神足通、宿命通、他心通一时俱发。


《大日经》是密宗的根本经典,它说得很清爽:“菩萨住此,勤除五盖,不久即五通齐发。”菩萨住此,住在什么地方?住在开悟的地方、见到本性的地方。勤除五盖,就是再用功在事上锻炼,把爱住烦恼除掉。这样,你就能登堂入室、五通俱发了。所以神通不可求,求也求不来,求得来的都是假的、附体的。现在很多人都说自己有神通,其实都是假的。为什么?真神通是心真空净了,一点儿不着相才能发神通。你现在炫耀卖弄自己,那不是住相吗?住相怎么能发起神通呢?你说有神通,那肯定是附体的。现在大陆传说,有几个人有神通,其实都是假的、附体的,不要上当。只有心真空净了,不住相了,才能发神通。他不为名闻、不为利养、不炫耀自己,炫耀自己干吗?真人不露相,露相非真人。很多人因为求神通,结果上了神通的当,受了骗。台湾籍有很多人,都讹传有什么神通,其实都是假的。意大利、美国、澳大利亚等五国专家曾先后到大陆的西安、成都、上海等地进行实地考察,对所谓有神通的人进行了当场测验,结果没有一个是真的。后来他们在上海专门做了一个专题报告,说你们中国的特异功能都是假的、骗人的。所以不要上他们的当。我们学佛法要真正在心地上用功,“是心是佛、是心作佛”。要在心地上用功,不要在身体上用功。


讲到密宗更是五花八门,密宗有藏密、东密、唐密。可是唐密现在没有了,因为明朝的皇帝怕密宗行人搞神通,把他们的皇帝位搞掉了,就取消禁止密宗的流行传播。唐朝时惠果法师将密法传给了日本的空海法师,空海法师回日本后在高义山建立了密宗道场,至今日本密法较盛。因为日本皇帝弘扬密法,他曾经遍请诸山长老,召开无遮大会,让大家称性直谈,不必遮掩隐藏,因为我皇帝也要修佛法,我看看哪一宗最好就修那一宗。诸山长老都说了自己的立场长处,最后空海法师说,你们各宗都好,但是离开密法你们都不存在了,因为哪一宗能离开密咒呢?净土宗要念大悲咒、十小咒、往生咒,其他宗也离不开密咒。有的禅宗行人说,我们靠自力参禅,不用念咒,别的法靠他力,才需要念咒。但是憨山大师说:禅宗历代祖师均秘密持明。是的,没有一个大祖师不持咒。这是什么缘故呢?因为参禅参到后来,八识种子翻腾起来的时候,难受得不得了,立也不是,坐也不是,卧也不是,走也不是。只有靠密咒的力量,靠佛菩萨加持的力量,才能把种子消掉,所以都秘密持明。这句话正确吗?非常正确。现代的虚云老和尚坐禅的地方就写着六字大明咒,宋朝大慧宗杲禅师就持过大随求陀罗尼“嗡吗呢达哩轰啪吐”。我们心中心法的法本里就有这个咒。这个密咒的力量非常大,消灾、去障、长寿、随心所欲、心想事成。看起来历代祖师均秘密持咒,都离不开持咒。日本天皇选择了密宗,所以日本密法能流传延续至今。


现在想学密宗的人,有的到日本学东密,有的到西藏学藏密,其实中国内地也有密法,只是后来不传了,断了。我们传的心中心密法,唐密里就有。但我们修的这个不是由唐密哪位祖师传承下来的。还有的人问:“你们修的心中心密法是不是由诺那活佛传的?”诺那活佛到内地,是曾传过心中心密法,但他在上海只传一个人:袁希廉。他说这是无相密,不好修,一般人不能修。故而传的人很少。日本西藏都有这个法,但他们不轻易传,所以大家不知道。别以为我们传的心中心密法是自己创造的,其实不是,心中心法唐朝就有,大藏经里有其法本,叫《佛心经品亦通大随求陀罗尼》。亦通就是和大随求菩萨的密咒相通,这是一切佛心中心的陀罗尼,是诸佛共同的密咒,加持力特别强。我们所修的心中心密法是我们师公大愚法师在庐山东林寺修般舟三昧时得到的。


净土宗有二种三昧:一种是念佛三昧,就是盘腿打坐念佛,深入禅定,深入三昧;一种是般舟三昧,就是在屋子里,一天到晚、一刻不停地走,不吃不睡地经行,一般人身体吃不消。但我们师公是发了大愿:我既然出家修行,就要修难行之行,只要有一口气在,就要把这个法修下去,除死方休。他艰苦修行忍耐,双腿肿得不能再走了,就用双手爬行,双手肿得不能再爬了,就用身子滚动,经过此番坚苦卓绝的奋斗,偷心死尽,泯然深入大定,感普贤菩萨现身为其摩顶受记,并告诉他:心中心法假佛菩萨加持之力,容易明心见性,你要好好地修,成功之后广传大众,以补禅宗之不足。


我们现在大多数禅和子,参话头起不了疑请,“念佛是谁?“谁”念的佛?他在“谁”字上提不起疑情,参话头成了念话头:“念佛是谁,念佛是谁......”若这样,还不如念阿弥陀佛圣号,因为念阿弥陀佛圣号有佛菩萨的加持力量,念话头则全靠自力。现在的禅宗行人不是悟道传法,而是法卷传法。太虚大师曾无限感慨地说:“现在禅宗儿孙,都是法卷传法,而不是明心见性后传法。所谓临济宗几世孙,皆一张空纸而已,何曾悟心来!”言之,能不令人痛心!什么是法卷呢?就象条幅画一样,卷着的。打开来,就见上面写着“正法眼藏”四个大字。释迦佛把“正法眼藏,涅槃妙心”传给了摩诃迦叶尊者。所以法卷上就写着:第一代祖师摩诃迦叶尊者,第二代祖师是...,临济宗现在第四十五代是我的名字,你叫张三,我传给你了,就在法卷上写上“第四十六代祖师张三”,然后把这个法卷给你。张三明心见性了么?若未明心见性是不应该把法卷传给他的。太虚大师所说的“法卷传法”就是指的这个。


普贤著萨早就发过大愿,当来在真修行人面前现身说法。如,《法华经▪普贤菩萨劝发品》云:“若后世,后五百岁,浊恶世中,比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷,求索者、受持者、读诵者、书写者,欲修习是《法华经》,于三七日中,应一心精进。满三七日已,我当乘六牙白象,与无量菩萨而自围绕,以一切众生所喜见身,现其人前,而为说法,示教利喜。”由于我们的师公难行能行、难忍能忍,故能感得普贤菩萨现身,灌顶传授心中心密法。普贤菩萨嘱咐我们师公,就用这个法来弥补现在禅宗的不足吧。


靠自力提不起疑情,就靠佛菩萨的加持之力吧。密法就是靠佛菩萨慈悲的加持之力,什么样的加持力呢?一个是密咒,一个是手印。咒就是佛菩萨在禅定中将自己的心化成的符号,比喻为我们打电报时的密电码。我们发电报,把密电码发过去,对方就能收到。手印比喻为天线。我们的心和佛菩萨的心沟通,我们把密咒传过去,佛菩萨就给我们加持力量,所以这个法加持力量强。心中心又心是诸佛共同的心,有手印的传导,更容易和佛菩萨沟通,所以这个法力量非常大,见性比较容易。佛法各时代有各时代的因缘,普贤菩萨观察因缘,看到心中心法可以出世大弘,就叫我们师公好好地修,修成功以后下山广传大众。这个法在西藏、日本一般不轻易传,很秘密,所以普贤菩萨叫我们师公出世广传。其实许多法中国都有,并不缺少。只是由于皇帝的阻挠、取消,而失传了。


禅宗是大乘佛教中最好、最快、最圆融的法。现在的人根机差,反而向西藏学习藏地的密法,这实在是迷头认影。禅宗是密法的最高层部分,西藏悟道的大宝法王说:“汉地有高深的密法、大圆满的密法。”小喇嘛不知道:“汉地有什么密法?”“就是禅,禅宗是最高深的密法。”他说的一点儿不假、十分正确。因为密宗最高层的密法,譬如白教的大手印、红教的大圆满,讲到后面用功的方法、成道的证量,和禅宗完全一样,毫无二致。但是西藏人根机差,一下子不能接受这个法,他要按九乘次第修,内三乘、外三乘、密三乘。


所谓外三乘者,就是先修显教的经文,把经文研究透彻、清楚之后,再进行实修。内三乘就是生起的修法,他先修事业部,如何消障、如何治病、如何发财。密宗确有财神法,许多华侨修密法,要求传给他财神法:“先让我发发财吧。”为什么修密法能够发财呢?因为佛著萨慈悲,佛经有“先以欲勾牵,后令入佛智”之说。欲者,就是满足你的欲望要求,引你进门:“噢!佛法这么好,这么灵验,我要发财就发财了。”《观世音菩萨普门品》说:“若有女人,设欲求男,礼拜供养观世音菩萨,便生福德智慧之男。设欲求女,便生端正有相之女,宿植德本,众人爱敬。”药师琉璃光佛也是如此,你要当官、发财、求子等愿望都一一满足,同样也是“先以欲勾牵,后令入佛智”。当你知道这是观世音菩萨赐给我的,这是药师琉璃光佛赐给我的,你就时时念佛、敬菩萨、做善事、学经文、修法证道。


西藏人为什么先要这些呢?他要先有感应,才能引起他们的信仰,没有感应他们不相信。藏人文化水平低,很执着,他不能一开始就理解,他先要有感应,所以他须要修这样的法。这曾引起了汉地佛教学子的共愤,指责密法是鬼神法。弘一大师也说过密法是鬼神法。后来他看了密宗的全文,才知道了密法是如何由浅入深、由小至大,一步一步证道的,才知道密宗的修法完备、圆满无缺。他惊叹:“密法真好!真好!”所以他写了一篇《忏悔文》,现在还在。所以如果不懂密法,不要妄加评论,以免造罪。


一开始西藏人是修事业部,事业部修完才能修生起次第,观想自己是什么本尊,放什么光,观想自己的气脉明点,以便把自己的注意力专注在气脉明点的相上,把你的心摄住,引你入定。生起次第观想成功了,再把它化掉,然后再修圆满次第。修圆满次第就必须把生起次第的相化掉。因为我们的佛性是无相可见的,是一法不立、一尘不染的,有相的东西都不是。《金刚经》说:“凡所有相,皆是虚妄。”“若以色见我,以音声求我,是人行邪道,不能见如来。”你着相了,见到相了,坏了,那你就见不到本性了。为什么?因为报身佛、化身佛不是真佛。佛有三十二相,八十随形好。释迦佛是应化身佛,报身是卢舍那佛,这都不是真佛。“报化非真佛,亦非说法者”,有相的都不是。法身佛是真佛,法身佛不说法,法身佛无相。你要成道,就一定要证到法身。不证到法身怎么能成道呢?法身是根本,报化身不是根本。你若着相怎么能证到法身呢?因为法身无相。证到法身,这个相才能化掉。比如我们身上生了疮,用药之后,它慢慢地聚,聚成一个。这一个还是毒啊,再消掉才能痊愈。有相的都不是,一定要把一切相都消掉、化掉。不管你是参禅、念佛还是修密,到最后都是豁然之间一个大爆炸,根尘脱落,能所双亡,一尘不染,一法不立。象观世音菩萨最后“生灭灭已,寂灭现前”。生灭就是一切有相的思想念头,都是有生有灭的,这些东西都消亡了,所谓“虚空粉碎,大地平沉”,物我均消,一切都没有。这时我们的本心才能真正显现出来,不到这个地步,你的本心显现不出来,被相遮盖住了,所以我们不要着相。


我们参禅念佛持咒时,一定不要有别的思想,我赶快入定开悟啊、见佛啊,都不要有,这些都是妄想。即使我们见佛了也不要执着,若执着会成魔的。我们上海有个人很用功,很刻苦,他看到佛在他面前现身,边上还有天女散花,“噢,好看!”他又想到:“有时不是真佛现前,是魔变现的,我怎么辨别他呢?”他就不敢看了。后来他对师父说:“我打坐时看到一个佛像非常庄严,旁边还有天女散花,但不知他是真假,请师父告诉我辨别的方法。”他师父是修藏密黄教的,就告诉他:“如果再见到他时,你就对他念“嗡啊哄”,如果是真佛他就不为所动,如果是假的他就站不住,逃走变形。”嗡啊哄会放出蓝光、白光、红光,非常有力。“谢谢师父教我方法。”他非常开心,回家后开始打坐,又见到佛像了,而且身边天女散花。开心啦,于是他就对着佛“嗡啊哄”地念了几十遍,佛像不动,“是真佛,还有天女散花给我看,我的功夫真不错啊!”后来那个佛变成了血盆大口,青面獠牙,张开双臂抓他,吓得他魂飞天外,发神经病死了。所以精进当中,见一切相赶快不要执着,禅宗有句话叫:“佛来佛斩、魔来魔斩”,都不可得。《楞严经》讲五十种心魔,就是色、受、想、行、识五蕴,每一蕴有十种魔,这些魔看起来都是神通。其实不是神通,而是五蕴之变现,不能执着,不能住着。你一住相,就变成遮盖自性妙体光明的障碍,叫阴魔。阴魔就是障碍,阴就是遮蔽,遮盖本性光明现不出来。所以我们一点儿都不能着相,不管你修什么宗都是如此。他的师父应该教给他另外的法,为什么?因为他住相了。这也难怪,我看到黄教的人修起密法来大多都很住相。我们不应该住相。


藏密分几步走,先修生起次第,然后修圆满相应,再修大圆满相应。第二步是无上圆满相应,第三步是无比圆满相应,层次越修越高,最后见道证道而成佛。但是功夫不能一步登天,西藏人修几十年才能相应。我们心中心法相当于最后的无比圆满相应,这在西藏不能一下子传授,他一定要先修加行,磕大头,念百字明(就是金刚萨埵的密咒,消业障的),修上师供,念四饭依......这样左一个十万,右一个十万,诸多十万加起来要十多年,就这样在外面兜圈子,走弯路。


我们心中心法属于禅密,它以禅为体,叫你直下见性,直接指示我们见性。明心见性这一关都以为很难:“那是圣人的事吧,是佛菩萨的事吧,我们凡夫做不到吧。”其实他会错了,我们人人都可以悟道,为什么?因为一切众生皆具无漏自性,都和佛一样具有无漏自性,不缺少一点儿,在圣不增,在凡不减。只是我们被自己的妄心、外境遮盖住了,不知道了,迷了。经过指点就可以见到,他常在我们面门放光啊,一刻也未曾离开我们,只是我们不知道而已。


我们常举这个例子:黄山谷是宋朝和苏东坡齐名的文学家,诗词写得都好。他的师父晦堂叫他参孔夫子的一句话:“二三子,吾无隐乎尔。”----我传道还有隐藏吗?没有隐藏啊!我跟你们开诚布公,和盘托出,直接指示,一点儿隐藏都没有。儒家的传道不象武术的老师,教徒弟的时候还保留一手。黄山谷想:这太好懂了,我是儒学大家,孔子说的话我还会不知道意思吗?便告诉晦堂这句话是什么意思,晦堂予以一一否认。黄山谷心里有点不高兴、不耐烦了:“孔夫子讲的我怎会不懂,难道还不如你和尚懂?我要回家了。”他回家了,但在半路又寻思:“晦堂祖师是五百人的大善知识,有那么多的人侍从左右,他不会欺骗耍弄我,可这句话到底是什么意思呢?”他就参,参了两年多也不知道是什么意思。后来他和晦堂祖师郊游,忽然吹来一阵桂花香,他脱口而说:“好一阵木樨香。”晦堂祖师应机一点:“吾无隐乎尔!”----我没有隐藏啊!黄山谷恍然大悟:“这个能见桂花能闻香的是谁啊?!它没有隐藏啊!时时在我面门放光啊!只是我以前不知道,这下子彻底明白了。


大家都是追逐外境,因贪、嗔、痴、慢、疑之故,把自己的本性光明盖住不现了。其实我们的本性时时放光,我们时时能见到它。怎么见到呢?见相啊,诸如山河大地、草木丛林、男女老幼、饮食起居,我们时时都能见到,见相就是见性,因为相是性变现的,离开佛性就没有相。比如我们盖大楼,事先需要动脑筋设计图纸,然后依样施工。那么,这栋楼不就是心性变现的吗?!它离开佛性了吗?!我们见到这栋楼不就是见性了吗?!明心见性,我们的肉眼就能见道。只要时时不着相,就能透过相而见性。这些相都是佛性变现的影子,不要执着,要见性,这些都是妙心。你不就时时见性了吗?!你时时见性,保护得好,你就要成大道了。我祝愿大家都能圆证大道。


Soh

English Original: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2019/07/virya-exertion.html


中文翻译:

精进(
Virya):全力显现

讲者:仁明·莲华禅师(Ven. Jinmyo Renge osho)

大念寺,2006610

不久前还是春天,现在已入夏了。从蔓延的根须中,新芽和茎干已经显现,如今无数的花苞迸发、绽放,然后在此刻飘落归尘。在禅寺的花园里,蕨类植物已经舒展开来,高耸于蔓延的苔藓之上。臭鼬、松鼠和数百只雀鸟来到溪边饮水,还有一只浣熊妈妈带着她的幼崽,也曾在前廊驻足,探究那尊佛像(Buddha rupa)和供碗。恩格曼地锦(Engleman ivy)用那能吸附在砖石上的细小触手,沿着建筑物攀缘而上。

不久前,还是黑夜,现在已是清晨。不久前,我们开始了这场法会,而再过不久,它就要结束了。再过不久,将会有人在听这篇法语开示的录音,而那时我已经死去多年。一切发生得如此之快。这发生,这活动,这无常实相的全力显现(exertion),就是一直以来所发生的一切。我们的修行,就是向这一实相敞开,并体认它是我们自性的一部分。

Virya,即精进(exertion),是六波罗蜜之一。波罗蜜描述了觉悟实相(Awake to Reality)的各个面向,它们通过修行的过程而展开。你必须从某个初始要素开始,比如布施、精进等等,但当你实际修行时,它们会动态地展开。在大乘的架构中,有六种波罗蜜: 布施波罗蜜(Dana Paramita):慷慨 持戒波罗蜜(Sila Paramita):正直或纪律 忍辱波罗蜜(Ksanti Paramita):耐心或柔韧性 精进波罗蜜(Virya Paramita):奋勉(Exertion) 禅定波罗蜜(Dhyana Paramita):坐禅或修行 般若波罗蜜(Prajna Paramita):彻底的洞见或完美地了知空性

在这六者之中,精进是最重要的波罗蜜,因为如果没有精进,什么都不会发生。我们只会闲坐着,而不是在真正地坐禅并进行觉悟的修行。

关于什么是精进(virya),有很多种理解方式,比如克服懒惰的持续努力;活力;热情;造诣和潜能。但这些理解都无法满足我们在修行中、并通过修行所需要去领会的内涵。

在《无径之径》(The Pathless Path)一书中,安山·宝心禅师(Zen Master Anzan Hoshin)这样论述精进:

……精进很可能是我们必须发展的波罗蜜中至关重要的一项。 没有它,我们的修行只能建立在图像和观念、期待和概念之上。 精进就像剑刃上的精钢。 如果没有坚固的剑身,无论剑刃多么锋利或打磨得多么好都无济于事,因为剑一出鞘就会在剑柄处折断。 事实上,如果没有精进,剑只会停留在剑鞘里。

为了真正用文殊师利(Manjusri)的定慧之剑斩断惯常心(usual mind)的困惑与二元对立,我们必须能够全力显现(exert fully这个THIS),毫无保留。如果我们不斩断惯常心的二元对立和策略,那么整个当下的无缝统一(seamless unity)将永远无法被活出来。

为了在策略之外进行修行,我们必须首先看清我们的策略,不是去追随它们,而是向它们之外敞开。因此,至关重要的是,我们要坚守所获得的指导,避免编造和追随我们自己版本的修行。不攀缘Not propagating)意味着不攀缘任何思想、感觉、理论和关于任何事物的概念,这当然既适用于我们的修行,也同样适用于打坐时可能浮现的任何其他话题。思考修行并不是修行。如果没有特别指示你在修行中做某事,那就不要做。如果有什么引起了你的注意,并且你认为值得讨论,可以提问,但不要自己去实验。

我们可能会尝试将一万种策略应用到修行中,但最终它们都会瓦解。例如,死守呼吸,而不是将呼吸作为向整体体验敞开的试金石,只会导致越来越多的散乱妄想。学生们有时也会注视着自己修行,好像在跟随着自己一样。如果你跟随着你自己,你不可避免地会挡住自己的路。不断地评估自己的进步是另一个经常出现的陷阱。让自己被动地漂进故事情节中,并通过偶尔检查一下自己是否还在呼吸或墙壁是否还在那里来为这种行为辩解,然后又径直回到故事情节中——这并不是在修行中精进。一次又一次,我看到学生们任由自己一次又一次地跌入同样的混乱与昏沉的泥潭(cesspools)中。不要就在那堆东西里鬼混。不要把你的脸凑进去。从那里站起来。怎么做?坐直。闭嘴。修行。

老师(The Roshi)继续说道:

精进必须是干净的,它必须没有策略,也没有关于开悟和成佛的浪漫臆想。 咬紧牙关、双盘锁腿,试图把自己从轮回(samsara)拉进涅槃(nirvana),这是没有用的。 除了就在此时、此地,你根本无处可去。 精进并不意味着某种精神体操或击碎自我形象。 精进是一次又一次地完全臣服于觉照(attentiveness)。 精进是对任何生起之物保持彻底的直心。 精进是做任何需要做的事,并尽可能彻底地做:迈出完整的一步,进行完整的呼吸,完整地触碰,完整地听闻。 这就是完整的、全心全意的修行。

没有这种精进,所有这些都只是空谈。我们可以说:噢,是的,万物皆有佛性内具于其自身。不要挣扎,只要醒来。我们可以走个过场,坐在蒲团(zafu)上,盯着墙壁度过规定的几分钟,消磨时间。但时间是什么?这又是谁?

禅是教外别传,不立文字,直指人心,直指当下,直指正是这个。

墙壁完全而直接地将自己全力显现(exerts)为墙壁。没有怀疑,没有保留,没有推前。无论你是否称之为墙壁,墙壁都完全地将自己全力显现为它所是的样子。这种全力显现(exertion)就是墙壁之所是。

完整的全力显现(Complete exertion)就是我们的修行,这就是修行的本质。斩断毁誉、希望和恐惧,我们就在这里。吸气,呼气。

不去称它为轮回或涅槃,好或坏,自或他,让我们就在正是这个中完全地精进(exert ourselves)。如果你在走路,就走;如果你在说话,就说;如果你在倾听,就听。在完整的全力显现中,在全心全意的修行中,佛法开始全力显现(exert)它自己。如果我们作为这呼吸而完全地精进,那么这呼吸就会开始全力显现它自己。观看有它自己的智能,听闻有它自己的智能;你是多余的。所有的挣扎都脱落了,我们发现我们甚至不需要试图去知道任何事情。

一切都是无知者之自知,无所知之物。无限的觉知(Knowingness)开始破晓,并持续燃烧,作为那不断诞生觉悟的坛城(mandala)。

这不发生在其他任何地方,也不发生在其他任何时间,就在正是这个。所以,让我们完全地精进,完全地修行,完全地体证大道。

念念之间,由修行所敞开的世界向十方(Ten Directions)延伸,将自己全力显现(exerting)为阳光、雨露和风。它将自己全力显现为你膝盖的疼痛,和炎炎夏日里凉水泼在脸上的快意。它将自己全力显现为你在经行(kinhin)时脚下地板的嘎吱声。它将自己全力显现为那需要更换的空厕纸卷,那台无法打印的打印机,那张付不起的账单,并将自己全力显现为你的工作、你的家人和你的朋友。它就在此刻,在每一个瞬间,将自己全力显现为你所体验的一切。世界将自己呈现为丰富、游戏般、不断变化的细节。

你并不独立于世界的全力显现之外,而你醒来Waking Up)的可能性之所以存在,仅仅是因为你精进(exertion)的可能性。除非你精进,否则你不是真的在坐禅,你只是闲坐在那儿。但如果你在推拉抗拒,你也不是在坐禅。你是在搞某种怪异的冥想之旅。

当我们真正修行时,我们不是在制造任何事情。我们不制造感觉,不制造颜色、形状和声音。它们已经在那儿了。我们需要做的,只是让注意力向那本已如是者敞开。感觉、颜色、形状和声音已经在全力显现它们自己。当你把自己释放进这全力显现之中,你就是把自己释放进那全力显现为你的事物全力显现为世界的事物之中。

在《狂野时间:道元禅师〈有时〉(Uji: Being Time)评注》这一提唱系列中,老师说:

一切在此处与当下生起。 这生起并非是此处加上当下的问题。 此处即当下。 当下即此处。 这不是时间加上地点等于我们的体验的问题。 而是当下等于此处等于is)。 这就是你必须把自己释放进去的全力显现(exertion),以此体认你是谁。 没有你释放自己的这种精进,就没有什么被体认,就没有什么是真实的。 你所拥有的只是故事、 描述、 臆测、 和 固着。 通过将你自己释放进That——那将自己展开为一切、 那到处生起而为一切、就在当下的—— 你就体认了这生起。 你就是这生起的体认。 没有这不需要任何人来做、 根本没有人在做、 只是全力显现在全力显现(exertion exerting)它自己, 什么都不会生起。

只有当我们不退缩,也不因追随习气和惯性而挡住自己的路时,我们才对这一刻的全力显现敞开。实际上,认出模式就是模式,习气就是习气,可能是困难的。我们已经习惯用模式和习气来定义自己,有时甚至觉得无法相信我们还能是别的样子。但正如老师所说:只有当我们向如实之实相敞开时,我们才真的是如实的自己。我们可以如此轻易地做到这一点。我们需要做的,只是在坐禅时真正地坐。只是闲坐着是不行的。只是向后一靠,希望一切自然船到桥头直也同样不行。

向这呼吸敞开。现在。现在。我是认真的。现在。我真的、真的很认真。拜托?这不仅仅是为了你好。如果不做这个,你就做不了任何好事。看看这个世界。读读报纸。或者,只要真正听听你对自己说的关于你自己的那些糟糕的话。还有关于别人的话。那太糟糕了。问题是,其他所有人也都在对自己说这些关于他们自己和其他所有人的糟糕的话。而他们就在外面:开着车,开着枪,买着鞋,生着孩子,统治着国家,写着代码,玩着音乐,做饭吃饭,做着所有影响世界上其他每一个人和每一件事的事情。必须得有这种人来做这些事——这种对于真正清晰、完整、良好地做事不怀有这种怨恨的人。所以,拜托,精进(exert yourself)吧。通过停下来来精进。停止那一套东西。就在现在,坐直。现在。

我之前提到过一切流逝得有多快。现在这篇法语开示也快结束了。春去春来,夏去夏来,秋去秋来,冬去冬来。你、我、我们所有人,来来去去。所以,放下吧。放下并进入(INTO)这来来去去之中。精进,不要跟随着你自己,向你周围的十方敞开。

现在我说完了。你们也应该停止对自己说话了。那么,让我们大家一起坐禅。



延伸阅读:仁明·莲华禅师法教合集

如果您对仁明老师的教导感兴趣,推荐阅读以下这份由“白风禅社”外部欣赏者整理的中文翻译合集。这份合集收录了她多年来的佛法开示,以清晰、亲切且深刻的方式,揭示了禅修的核心。


资源下载:


Word 文档: https://app.box.com/s/fh5ypv8sryj61l1a80ba6zlhi74c2mhl


PDF 文件: https://app.box.com/s/95tefmkog4ccpe1lcx3etgdepkozoth9


合集简介:


这份文集不仅阐明了禅的根本原理,更以其个人化、充满故事性的风格,将抽象的法理与我们日常的挣扎和洞见紧密相连。内容涵盖了如何将修行落实于日常生活的每一个细节(如“减法”的艺术、照管的修行),解构我执运作的机制(如“收缩的机关”),以及她个人的修行历程与传承故事。对于任何渴望将修行活出来的人,这都是一份不容错过的宝贵指南。


(注:本文及合集翻译仅供分享与学习之用,非 White Wind Zen Community 官方发布。)


Soh

A Reader’s Question (Paraphrased)

A reader writes to share an article titled “Emergence of Wisdom: Incomplete Symmetry” by Lin Wenxin, asking for my perspective on its claims. The article argues that time, space, and causality are illusions, citing concepts from modern physics such as the "Observer Effect" and "Wave Function Collapse."

The core argument of the shared text is that the universe has no inherent causality but is instead "instantaneously generated" from nothing at the moment of observation. It claims that because particles have no state before observation, there is no "before" or "after," and thus no continuity. From this premise, the author concludes that karma and retribution do not exist; instead, life operates purely on "choice" and "parameters" (like AI settings or soul scripts). The text suggests that we are "free creators" in every moment, unbound by the past, and that suffering arises solely from the "illusion of causality."

The reader found the article interesting and asked for my views on how this aligns with the Dharma.


Soh's Reply:

Q 先生 (Mr. Q) 大德您好:

感謝您的郵件分享。很高興看到您對這些深刻的話題感興趣,並分享了林文欣的文章。

但我必須直言不諱:您分享的這篇文章,無論是從現代物理學還是**佛法中觀(Madhyamaka**的角度來看,都存在明顯的誤區。它混淆了「勝義諦」(空性)與「世俗諦」(因果),從而導致了一種可能落入虛無主義(Nihilism)的觀點。

在詳細評論之前,強烈建議您先閱讀 Awakening to Reality (ATR) 部落格上的幾篇基礎文章(如果連結無法打開,建議搜尋標題閱讀)。這些文章闡明了如何超越該文中的特定誤區:

  1. Thusness's Seven Stages of Awakening (Thusness 的覺受七階段)
  2. Mistaken Reality of Amness (我是感的錯誤真實性)
  3. On Anatta, Emptiness, and Spontaneous Presence (關於無我、空性與自然智)
  4. Different Degrees of No-Self (不同程度的無我)

以下是針對該文的詳細雙重批判:


雙重批判:科學與哲學

——回應林文欣的「量子神秘主義」

要正確地評判這篇文章,我們需要從兩方面入手:物理學(因為它誤解了科學)和中觀(Madhyamaka(因為它誤解了佛法)。即便是接受某種量子力學的詮釋,也不能以此為據,就在形而上學層面跳躍到「業力是虛假的」或「意識創造實相」這樣的結論。

第一部分:科學事實核查

——為何該文屬於「通俗科普中的誤讀」

該文聲稱「現代物理學」證明了時間、空間和因果關係都是意識創造的幻覺。正統物理學並沒有這樣的結論。

1. 「觀察者」「意識」

該文聲稱:「直到你觀察……它才被生成……這就是觀察者效應。」

糾正: 在量子力學中,「觀察者」或「測量」並不需要一個有意識的人類頭腦。它指的是導致**退相干(decoherence**的物理相互作用(如測量儀器或環境);退相干解釋了為什麼結果看起來是經典物理的,但它本身並不等於完整解決了「測量問題」。至於「意識導致塌縮」的理論,只是一個邊緣的解釋,而非既定的科學事實。

2. 量子力學是遵循法則的

該文聲稱:「宇宙沒有因果。」

糾正: 這種說法言過其實。量子系統的演化(通過薛丁格方程式)是決定論(deterministic)的。雖然測量的結果是概率性的,但它們嚴格遵循波恩定則(Born Rule)。這不是「隨機」或「魔法」,而是一種遵循嚴格定律的概率性因果。

3. 量子糾纏「空間是幻覺」

該文聲稱:「空間不是實體……量子糾纏已經證明了[這一點]。」

糾正: 量子糾纏確實產生非局域的相關性,但**無通訊/無訊號定理(No-Communication/No-Signaling Theorem**證明了它不能被用來以超光速傳遞訊息——因此它並不支持作者所謂「空間是幻覺」的說法。

4. 相對論「時間只是故事」

該文聲稱:「時間不是流動的……是大腦發明的。」

糾正: 相對論表明時間是依賴於參考系的(例如時間膨脹、同時性的相對性),但它並沒有說時間是「幻覺」。諸如「塊狀宇宙」(Block Universe)或「永恆論」這類說法,屬於對物理學的哲學詮釋,而非相對論本身證明的科學事實。

這一點的嚴重性:

作者利用量子力學的神秘感,混入了一種形而上學的信仰(一個創造實相的「靈魂」或「意識」)。這不是嚴謹的科學推論。


第二部分:中觀(Madhyamaka)的批判

——基於龍樹菩薩、月稱菩薩,以及阿闍黎馬爾科姆·史密斯(Acarya Malcolm Smith)、John Tan (Thusness) Soh 的論述。

即使我們接受作者的前提作為一種隱喻,其結論也落入了兩個極端:斷見/虛無主義Nihilism,否定世俗諦)和常見/實有論Substantialism,將「意識」或「整體性」實有化)。

1. 根本錯誤:否定世俗諦(落入斷見)

該文主張:

「既然現象是生成的,那就不存在『因果』……時間、空間、因果——全部都是幻覺。」

中觀的反駁:

該文用「空性」來破壞「世俗諦」。它假設因為因果在勝義上(ultimately)不是實有的,那麼它就必須是完全不存在的。

阿闍黎馬爾科姆·史密斯(Namdrol)反駁了這種觀點,解釋了龍樹的《中論》(MMK)實際上是在捍衛緣起:

"MMK refutes any kind of production other than dependent origination. It is through dependent origination that emptiness is correctly discerned. Without the view of dependent origination, emptiness cannot be correctly perceived, let alone realized. The MMK rejects production from self, other, both, and causeless production, but not dependent origination. The MMK also praises the teaching of dependent origination as the pacifier of proliferation in the mangalam. The last chapter of MMK is on dependent origination. The MMK nowhere rejects dependent origination, it is in fact a defense of the proper way to understand it. The only way to the ultimate truth (emptiness) is through the relative truth (dependent origination), so if one’s understanding of relative truth is flawed, as is the case with all traditions outside of Buddhadharma, and even many within it, there is no possibility that ultimate truth can be understood and realized."

(中譯:「《中論》駁斥了除緣起之外的任何生起方式。正是通過緣起,空性才被正確地辨識。沒有緣起的見地,空性無法被正確認知,更不用說證悟。《中論》拒絕了自生、他生、共生和無因生,但沒有拒絕緣起。《中論》也讚歎緣起教法為吉祥的『能滅戲論者』。《中論》的最後一品[26]* 便是關於緣起。《中論》從未拒絕緣起,事實上它是在捍衛理解緣起的正確方式。通往勝義諦(空性)的唯一途徑是通過世俗諦(緣起),因此,如果一個人對世俗諦的理解有缺陷——正如所有佛法以外的傳統,乃至許多佛法內部的傳統那樣——就不可能理解和證悟勝義諦。」)

(註:在標準版本中,緣起是第26品的主題;第27品討論邪見。)

John Tan (Thusness) 進一步澄清了將世俗諦視為「純粹幻覺」(如兔角)的危險:

"Many misunderstand that oh ultimately it is empty and DO [Dependent Origination] is conventional therefore conceptual so ultimately empty non-existence.

We must understand what is meant by empty ultimately but conventionally valid. Nominal constructs are of two types, those that are valid and those that are invalid like 'rabbit horns'. Even mere appearances free from all elaborations and conceptualities, they inadvertently manifest therefore the term 'appearances'. They do not manifest randomly or haphazardly, they are valid mode of arising and that is dependent arising. When it is 'valid' means it is the acceptable way of explanation and not 'rabbit horn' which is non-existence."

(中譯:「許多人誤解了,認為『噢,終極上是空的,緣起是世俗的,所以也是概念性的,因此終極上是空無所有的』。我們必須理解何謂『終極為空,但世俗有效』。假名安立(Nominal constructs)有兩種,一種是有效的,一種是無效的(如『兔角』)。即使是遠離一切戲論和概念的『單純顯現』(mere appearances),它們也不經意地顯現,因此稱為『顯現』。它們不是隨機或雜亂無章地顯現,它們是『有效的生起模式』,即緣起。當說是『有效』時,意味著它是可接受的解釋方式,而不是像『兔角』那樣的『不存在』。」)

結論:

中觀認為因果在世俗上是有效的。否定這種「有效的生起模式」就是切斷了通往證悟的道路。

2. 「生成」與「無生」的陷阱

該文主張:

「宇宙不是發生的,是被生成的……所有現象都是……瞬間生成。」

中觀的反駁:

「生成」(Generation)暗示了一個起點——某物從無中生有(無因生)。在中觀中,事物不是「生成」的;它們是依緣而起(arise in dependence),意味著它們從未真正帶著本質而「出生」。

參考龍樹與月稱的論述:

龍樹菩薩:

龍樹菩薩在《六十如理論》(Yuktisastika)第19偈中說:「若法因緣生,即說無有生。」(What arises in dependence is not born.)這也呼應了《中論》24.18 的核心思想:「諸法因緣生,我說即是空。」

月稱菩薩:

"(The realist opponent says): If (as you say) whatever thing arises in dependence is not even born, then why does (the Madhyamika) say it is not born? But if you (Madhyamika) have a reason for saying (this thing) is not born, then you should not say it 'arises in dependence.' Therefore, because of mutual inconsistency, (what you have said) is not valid.)

(The Madhyamika replies with compassionate interjection:)

Alas! Because you are without ears or heart you have thrown a challenge that is severe on us! When we say that anything arising in dependence, in the manner of a reflected image, does not arise by reason of self-existence - at that time where is the possibility of disputing (us)!" - excerpt from Calming the Mind and Discerning the Real

(中譯:「(實有論者問):如果如你所說,凡是依緣而起的事物甚至沒有出生,那為什麼中觀師說它沒有出生?如果你有理由說這事物不生,那你就不應該說它『依緣而起』。因此,由於相互矛盾,你所說的是無效的。

(中觀師帶著慈悲感嘆回答):唉!因為你沒有耳朵也沒有心,你對我們提出了一個嚴厲的挑戰!當我們說任何依緣而起的事物,如鏡像一般,並非因自性而生(does not arise by reason of self-existence——在那時哪裡還有爭辯的可能性呢!」)—— 摘自《Calming the Mind and Discerning the Real

John Tan 解釋對「生起」的正確理解:

"Do you get what I meant?

What it means is there is still a 'right' or 'acceptable' or 'valid' way to express it conventionally. Take freedom from all elaborations for example, it doesn't mean 'blankness' or 'anything goes'. There is right understanding of 'freedom from all elaborations' that is why Mipham has to qualify that it is not 'blankness', it does not reject 'mere appearance', it must be understood from the perspective of 'coalescence'...and so on and so forth. Similarly, there is right understanding of 'arising' conventionally and that is DO [dependent origination]. So when we clearly see how essence = true existence = independence of causes and conditions are untenable for anything to arise, we see dependent arising."

(中譯:「你明白我的意思嗎?這意味著在世俗上仍然有一種『正確』、『可接受』或『有效』的表達方式。以『遠離一切戲論』為例,它並不意味著『空白』或『怎麼都行』。對於『遠離一切戲論』有正確的理解,這就是為什麼米滂仁波切(Mipham)必須強調它不是『空白』,它不否定『單純顯現』,必須從『雙運/融合』的角度來理解……等等。同樣地,對於世俗上的『生起』也有正確的理解,那就是緣起(DO)。所以,當我們清楚地看到本質=真實存在=獨立於因緣條件對於任何事物的生起都是站不住腳的時候,我們就看到了緣起。」)

3. 「自由創造者」的批判(常見/實有論)

該文主張:

「你永遠不是被因果綁住的;你永遠是生成的自由創造者……是你在決定世界。」

中觀的反駁:

這否定了外在世界,卻實有化了「你」(觀察者)。它通過稱其為「自由創造者」,偷偷地把「我」(Atman/Self)帶了回來。

阿闍黎馬爾科姆·史密斯徹底瓦解了「知者」是一個單一實體的觀念:

"The argument that a knower is a self has already been advanced and dismantled in Buddhist texts. If a knower can have many cognitions, it already has many parts and cannot be a unitary or an integral entity. We are therefore not operating here at a position prior to recognizing discrete entities, the very fact that our minds (citta) are variegated (citra) proves the mind is not an integral entity, proves it is made of parts, and since those cognitions happen sequentially, this proves the mind is also impermanent, momentary, and dependent. So, it is impossible for a conventional knower to be a self."

(中譯:「認為知者是『自我』的論點在佛教文本中早已被提出並拆解。如果一個知者可以有多個認知,它就已經有很多部分,不可能是單一或整體的實體。我們在此並非處於識別離散實體之前的立場,我們的心(citta)是多樣化(citra/雜色)的事實證明了心不是一個完整的實體,證明了它是由部分組成的,而且由於這些認知是按順序發生的,這證明了心也是無常的、剎那的和依賴因緣的。所以,世俗的知者不可能是『自我』。」)

結論:

並沒有一個站在因果之外的「自由創造者」。「知者」與其觀察到的世界一樣,都是剎那生滅、依賴因緣的。

4. 「整體性」 vs 「無參與者的參與」

該文主張:

「A 與 B 不是兩件事……空間……是意識用來定位現象的座標系……意識是介面。」

中觀的反駁: 該文落入了一元論(Monism)整體性(Wholeness)的觀點。它試圖通過將 A 和 B 歸入一個單一的、統一的「意識」來消除二元對立。這是一種本質見——將意識視為一個巨大的容器。

John Tan (Thusness) 特別批判了這種「整體性」觀點,並將其與真正的「全機」(Total Exertion/Emptiness)區分開來:

「必須清楚辨別『整體性』(wholeness)與『共同參與的能力』(capacity to participate in togetherness)之間的區別。一種是源於空性本質,因此在緣起中自由參與;因其無結構,故能同化所有結構。另一種則帶有固定和確定結構的意味(仍然是自性見)。本質為空,意識從不獨立存在;沒有片刻是處於關係之外的。緣起之處,即是當下之事——聽在聲中,見在色中,思在念中;若無因緣,則無物可指。沒有參與者的參與;沒有整體的動態。

「雖然『整體性』也可以說超越時空,但它是一個實體概念。但『全機』(total exertion)是作為一種活動完全發揮。萬法都成為那個活動。當你書寫時,萬物都在促成書寫的活動。歸入包羅萬象的意識也是一種整體和合一的體驗。」

「『遠離一切戲論』不能說是『整體性』;它只是『純淨』(purity),遠離一切戲論。純淨超越了『部分』與『整體』的概念。在世俗上,部分與整體是依緣而起的。」

結論: 該文設想了一個「整體」(意識)生成了 A 和 B。正確的見地是無參與者的參與。沒有一個「意識」充當座標系;只有看或聽的動態、空性事件。

5. 否定業果(報應)的危險

該文主張:

「人生運行在選擇,不在報應……你不是未來由過去造成的結果。」

 

中觀的反駁:192021

通過否定「報應」(業/Karma),作者否定了世界的世俗功能性。222324

阿闍黎馬爾科姆·史密斯解釋為何我們在世俗上必須接受「離散的相續」:

 

"Things appear to be discrete, so we label them “discrete.” If things appear to be nondiscrete, we are not able to label them as discrete. For example, from a distance a mountain does not appear to be composed of discrete parts, so we label that appearance “mountain.” When we get closer, we see there are many parts, and what was formally labeled a mountain gets redefined into slopes, peaks, ravines, and so on. ... It’s the same with mental continuum’s, even the notion of mental continuum will not bear ultimate analysis, but since the cause and result of karma, etc., appear to be discrete, mind streams are, conventionally speaking, discrete, because there is an observable function.."

 

(中譯:「事物顯現為離散的,所以我們標記它們為『離散的』。如果事物顯現為非離散的,我們就無法標記它們為離散的。例如,從遠處看,一座山似乎不是由離散的部分組成的,所以我們將那顯現標記為『山』。當我們走近時,我們看到有許多部分,原本被標記為山的東西被重新定義為斜坡、山峰、溝壑等等。……心相續(mental continuum)也是如此,即使是心相續的概念也經不起勝義的分析,但既然業的因和果等在顯現上是離散的,那麼心相續在世俗上也是離散的,因為有可觀察的功能。」)

總結

這篇文章恰恰體現了龍樹菩薩在《中論》24.11 / 24.12(依版本/譯本而定)中所警告的:「不能正觀空,鈍根則自害;如不善咒術,不善捉毒蛇。」

 

作者抓住了空性這條毒蛇(無時間、無空間),卻抓錯了頭(無責任、無業果、自我是創造者、意識的整體性)。

 

阿闍黎馬爾科姆·史密斯總結了該文觀點的失敗之處:

 

"The only way to the ultimate truth (emptiness) is through the relative truth (dependent origination), so if one’s understanding of relative truth is flawed... there is no possibility that ultimate truth can be understood and realized."

 

(中譯:「通往勝義谛(空性)的唯一途徑是通過世俗谛(緣起),因此,如果一個人對世俗谛的理解有缺陷……就不可能理解和證悟勝義谛。」)

 

希望這些分析能幫助您釐清這些重要的觀點!

 

祝吉祥,

Soh


English Version

Dear Mr. Q:

Thank you for your email and for sharing the article by Lin Wenxin. It is wonderful that you are engaging with such deep topics.

However, I must be direct with you: the article you shared, whether viewed from the perspective of Modern Physics or the Buddhist Middle Way (Madhyamaka), contains significant errors. It confuses "Ultimate Truth" (Emptiness) with "Conventional Truth" (Cause and Effect), leading to a view that risks falling into Nihilism.

Before I provide the detailed critique, I strongly suggest reading the following foundational articles on the Awakening to Reality (ATR) blog (search for these titles if the links do not work). These articles clarify how to move beyond the specific misunderstandings found in that text:

  1. Thusness's Seven Stages of Awakening
  2. Mistaken Reality of Amness
  3. On Anatta, Emptiness, and Spontaneous Presence
  4. Different Degrees of No-Self

Below is a comprehensive analysis of why the text requires correction.


A Dual Critique: Scientific & Philosophical

Addressing the "Quantum Mysticism" of Lin Wenxin

To properly critique this text, we must look at it from two sides: Physics (because it misinterprets science) and Madhyamaka (because it misinterprets the Dharma). Even if one adopts a particular interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, it does not license the metaphysical leap to "karma is false" or "consciousness creates reality."

Part 1: The Scientific Reality Check

Why this text represents "Misinterpretations in Popular Science"

The text claims "Modern Physics" proves time, space, and causality are hallucinations created by consciousness. Standard physics does not support these claims.

1. "Observer" ≠ "Consciousness"

The text claims: "Until you observe... it is generated... This is the Observer Effect."

Correction: In quantum mechanics, an "observer" does not require a conscious human mind. It refers to any physical interaction (such as a measurement instrument or the environment) that leads to decoherence. Decoherence explains why outcomes appear classical, but it does not by itself fully settle the "measurement problem" (i.e., why one specific outcome occurs). As for the theory that "consciousness causes collapse," this is merely a fringe interpretation, not a settled scientific fact.

2. Quantum Mechanics is Law-Governed

The text claims: "The universe has no causality."

Correction: This is overstated. The unitary evolution of a quantum system (via the Schrödinger equation) is deterministic given the quantum state. While measurement outcomes are probabilistic, they are strictly governed by the Born Rule. This is not "randomness" or "magic," but a form of probabilistic causality that follows strict laws.

3. Entanglement ≠ "Space is an Illusion"

The text claims: "Space is not a physical entity... Quantum entanglement has proven [this]."

Correction: While entanglement produces nonlocal correlations, the No-Communication/No-Signaling Theorem proves that it cannot be used to transmit information faster than light—therefore, it does not support the author's claim that "space is an illusion" in the sense that locality is irrelevant to causality.

4. Relativity ≠ "Time is a Story"

The text claims: "Time is not flowing... invented by the brain."

Correction: Relativity shows time is frame-dependent (e.g., time dilation, relativity of simultaneity), but it does not say time is a "hallucination." Claims that time is an illusion or that the "Block Universe" is the only truth are philosophical interpretations (e.g., Eternalism/B-theory), not what relativity itself proves.

The gravity of this point:

The author uses the mystery of quantum mechanics to inject a metaphysical belief (a "Soul" or "Consciousness" that creates reality). This is not rigorous scientific reasoning.


Part 2: The Madhyamaka Critique

Based on Nagarjuna, Candrakirti, and the commentaries of Acarya Malcolm Smith, John Tan (Thusness), and Soh.

Even if we accept the author's premise as a metaphor, the conclusions fall into two extremes: Nihilism (denying conventional truth) and Substantialism (reifying "Consciousness" or "Wholeness").

1. The Fundamental Error: Denying Relative Truth (Nihilism)

The Text’s Claim:

"Since phenomena are generated, 'Cause → Effect' does not exist... Time, Space, Causality—All are illusions."

The Madhyamaka Rebuttal:

The text uses Emptiness to destroy Conventional Truth. It assumes that because causality is not ultimately real, it must be totally non-existent.

Acarya Malcolm Smith (Namdrol) refutes this view, explaining that Nagarjuna's MMK actually defends Dependent Origination:

"MMK refutes any kind of production other than dependent origination. It is through dependent origination that emptiness is correctly discerned. Without the view of dependent origination, emptiness cannot be correctly perceived, let alone realized. The MMK rejects production from self, other, both, and causeless production, but not dependent origination. The MMK also praises the teaching of dependent origination as the pacifier of proliferation in the mangalam. The last chapter of MMK is on dependent origination. The MMK nowhere rejects dependent origination, it is in fact a defense of the proper way to understand it. The only way to the ultimate truth (emptiness) is through the relative truth (dependent origination), so if one’s understanding of relative truth is flawed, as is the case with all traditions outside of Buddhadharma, and even many within it, there is no possibility that ultimate truth can be understood and realized."

(Note: In standard editions, Dependent Origination is the topic of Chapter 26; Chapter 27 addresses Views.)

John Tan (Thusness) further clarifies the danger of treating Conventional Truth as "mere hallucination" (like rabbit horns):

"Many misunderstand that oh ultimately it is empty and DO [Dependent Origination] is conventional, therefore conceptual, so ultimately empty non-existent.

We must understand what is meant by empty ultimately but conventionally valid. Nominal constructs are of two types, those that are valid and those that are invalid like 'rabbit horns'. Even mere appearances free from all elaborations and conceptualities, they inadvertently manifest therefore the term 'appearances'. They do not manifest randomly or haphazardly, they are valid mode of arising and that is dependent arising. When it is 'valid' means it is the acceptable way of explanation and not 'rabbit horn' which is non-existence."

Conclusion:

Madhyamaka holds that causality is conventionally valid. To deny this "valid mode of arising" is to cut off the path to enlightenment.

2. The Trap of "Generation" vs. "Non-Arising"

The Text’s Claim:

"The universe is not happening; it is being generated... All phenomena are ... instantaneous generation."

The Madhyamaka Rebuttal:

"Generation" implies a start point—something coming out of nothing (Causeless Production). In Madhyamaka, things do not "generate"; they arise in dependence, meaning they are never truly "born" with an essence.

Referencing Nagarjuna and Candrakirti:

Nagarjuna:

In the Yuktisastika (Verse 19), Nagarjuna states: "What arises in dependence is not born." (若法因緣生,即說無有生。) This echoes the famous MMK 24.18: "Whatever arises dependently is explained as empty."

Candrakirti:

"(The realist opponent says): If (as you say) whatever thing arises in dependence is not even born, then why does (the Madhyamika) say it is not born? But if you (Madhyamika) have a reason for saying (this thing) is not born, then you should not say it 'arises in dependence.' Therefore, because of mutual inconsistency, (what you have said) is not valid.)

(The Madhyamika replies with compassionate interjection:)

Alas! Because you are without ears or heart you have thrown a challenge that is severe on us! When we say that anything arising in dependence, in the manner of a reflected image, does not arise by reason of self-existence - at that time where is the possibility of disputing (us)!"

(as quoted in Calming the Mind and Discerning the Real)

John Tan explains the correct understanding of "Arising":

"Do you get what I meant?

What it means is there is still a 'right' or 'acceptable' or 'valid' way to express it conventionally. Take freedom from all elaborations for example, it doesn't mean 'blankness' or 'anything goes'. There is right understanding of 'freedom from all elaborations' that is why Mipham has to qualify that it is not 'blankness', it does not reject 'mere appearance', it must be understood from the perspective of 'coalescence'...and so on and so forth. Similarly, there is right understanding of 'arising' conventionally and that is DO [dependent origination].

So when we clearly see how essence = true existence = independence of causes and conditions are untenable for anything to arise, we see dependent arising."

3. The Critique of "The Free Creator" (Substantialism)

The Text’s Claim:

"You are never bound by causality; you are forever a free creator of generation... You are determining the world."

The Madhyamaka Rebuttal:

This denies the external world but reifies the "You" (the Observer). It smuggles a Self (Atman) back in by calling it a "Free Creator."

Acarya Malcolm Smith completely dismantles the notion that the "Knower" is a single entity:

"The argument that a knower is a self has already been advanced and dismantled in Buddhist texts. If a knower can have many cognitions, it already has many parts and cannot be a unitary or an integral entity. We are therefore not operating here at a position prior to recognizing discrete entities, the very fact that our minds (citta) are variegated (citra) proves the mind is not an integral entity, proves it is made of parts, and since those cognitions happen sequentially, this proves the mind is also impermanent, momentary, and dependent. So, it is impossible for a conventional knower to be a self."

Conclusion:

There is no "Free Creator" standing outside of causality. The "Knower" is just as momentary and dependent as the world it observes.

4. "Wholeness" vs. "Participation Without a Participant"

The Text’s Claim:

"A and B are not two things... Space is... a coordinate system consciousness uses... Consciousness is the interface."

The Madhyamaka Rebuttal: The text falls into Monism or Wholeness. It attempts to eliminate duality by subsuming A and B into a single, unified "Consciousness." This is an Essence View—treating Consciousness as a giant container.

John Tan (Thusness) specifically critiques this view of "Wholeness," distinguishing it from true "Total Exertion" (Emptiness):

"One must be able to discern clearly the difference between 'wholeness' and 'capacity to participate in togetherness.' One is due to empty nature and therefore participates freely in dependence. Free of structures, it therefore assimilates all structures. The other has the scent of a fixed and definite structure (still an essence view). Empty in nature, consciousness never stands apart; there is no moment outside relation. Where conditions arise, it is precisely that event—sound in hearing, color in seeing, thought in thinking; where none, nothing is found to point to. Participation without a participant; dynamism without a whole."

"Though wholeness can also be said to be beyond space and time, it is an entity concept. But total exertion is totally exerted as an activity. All becomes that activity. When you write, everything is contributing in the activity of writing. Subsuming into all-embracing consciousness is a wholeness and oneness experience also."

"Freedom from all elaborations cannot be said to be 'wholeness'; it is just 'purity,' free from all elaborations. Purity transcends both notions of parts and whole. Conventionally, parts and whole arise dependently."

Conclusion: The text envisions a "Whole" (Consciousness) that generates A and B. The correct view is Participation without a participant. There is no "Consciousness" acting as a coordinate system; there is just the dynamic, empty event of seeing or hearing.

5. The Danger of Rejecting Karma

The Text’s Claim:

"Life operates on choice, not retribution... You are not a result caused by the past."

 

The Madhyamaka Rebuttal:575859

By denying "retribution" (Karma), the author denies the conventional functionality of the world.

Acarya Malcolm Smith explains why we must accept "Discrete Continuums" conventionally:

 

"Things appear to be discrete, so we label them “discrete.” If things appear to be nondiscrete, we are not able to label them as discrete. For example, from a distance a mountain does not appear to be composed of discrete parts, so we label that appearance “mountain.” When we get closer, we see there are many parts, and what was formally labeled a mountain gets redefined into slopes, peaks, ravines, and so on. ... It’s the same with mental continuum’s, even the notion of mental continuum will not bear ultimate analysis, but since the cause and result of karma, etc., appear to be discrete, mind streams are, conventionally speaking, discrete, because there is an observable function.."

 

Summary

This article perfectly embodies what Nagarjuna warns against in MMK 24.11 / 24.12 (depending on the edition): "Emptiness wrongly grasped destroys the dull-witted, like a snake wrongly seized."



The author seizes the snake of Emptiness (No Time, No Space) by the wrong end (No Responsibility, No Karma, Self is Creator, Wholeness of Consciousness).



Acarya Malcolm Smith sums up the failure of the text's view:

"The only way to the ultimate truth (emptiness) is through the relative truth (dependent origination), so if one’s understanding of relative truth is flawed... there is no possibility that ultimate truth can be understood and realized."

I hope this analysis helps you clarify these important points!

Best regards,

Soh

 


Soh

The Dharmasaṅgīti says:

Ordinary foolish beings perceive a self in them when there is no self. […] Thus, emptiness should be understood through the absence of self. […] All phenomena, including all things sentient and insentient, are devoid of a self. […] All phenomena lack a self; they are naturally nondual.

The Lalita­vistara:

Although all of this is without a self and is repulsive, beings perceive it as having a self and as beautiful.

The Brahma­viśeṣacinti­paripṛcchā:

Immature, ordinary beings create duality by grasping at a self in their stream of being.

The Ajāta­śatru­kaukṛtya­vinodana says:

Belief in the transitory collection [of aggregates] as a real self grows from the root of ignorance.

The Suvarṇa­prabhāsottama­sūtra states:

Nirvāṇa means that the tathāgatas know that there is no self in the individual and no self in phenomena.

The Samādhirāja:

Those who have the conception of a self, they are unwise beings who are in error. You know that phenomena have no self, and so you are free of any error. […] You see the beings who are suffering because they maintain the view of a self. You teach the Dharma of no-self in which there is neither like nor dislike. […] Whoever holds to the concept of a self, they will remain in suffering. They do not know selflessness, within which there is no suffering. […] Those who perceive selflessness have no afflictions (kleśas). They know that all phenomena are like space.

The Ajāta­śatru­kaukṛtya­vinodana:

Great King, to accept clothing, alms bowls, and food served and offered in a grand manner for the well-spoken Dharma-Vinaya is not an act of kindness. However, Great King, when you no longer have any doubt and uncertainty about the profound and sacred truth of the lack of self‍—then I will have been kind to you.

The Saddharma­puṇḍarīka states:

The one who knows emptiness and that phenomena are without self truly knows the enlightenment of the bhagavāns, of the buddhas.

The Drumakinnararājaparipṛcchā:

The nature of all phenomena and the self are the same‍— the self is selfless and intrinsically empty. Emptiness has the essential nature of space, and awakening always has the nature of space.

The Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā:

All phenomena are without self and without creator. This is the reality of phenomena. However, childish ordinary beings who are mistaken, who are fixated in clinging to me and mine, develop the notion that there is a being where there is none. […] Phenomena have no self because they arise from causes and conditions.

The Samyagācāra­vṛtta­gaganavarṇavina­yakṣānti:

All phenomena are free from a cognitive basis and lack a self. All phenomena are devoid of self and inexpressible. […] All phenomena lack a self. All phenomena are not apprehended. […] When one achieves consciousness that is devoid of a self and is free from the two views of the nature of the self, when the sense fields are undefiled, and when one is free from ownership and possession, this is the entrance to the gateway to the Dharma of nonduality.

The Dharmadhātu­prakṛtyasambheda­nirdeśa:

Leading sentient beings to the absence of self, it [the mind of omniscience] knows the self to be without self.

The Sāgaramati­paripṛcchā:

The māra of the Lord of Death is defeated by realizing phenomena to be selfless.

The Sūryagarbha:

Because you adhere to the perception of a self, your mind entertains mistaken views, you are thoroughly confused within the swamp of saṃsāra […] although phenomena are selfless, immature beings mistakenly pursue a sense of self.

The Rājadeśa:

The thought that perceives a self is the great enemy. While it is immaterial and without substance, it has dwelt with you since beginningless time. […] Brandish the whip of perseverance, draw the bow of concentration, and slay the perception of a self with the arrow of nonself and emptiness. […] This ‘I’ and ‘self’ do not exist. Imputed upon the aggregates, they are delusion. […] Thus, O King, if you meditate on nonself, saṃsāra and perceiving a self will be cut at the root.12

Soh

https://gemini.google.com/share/45673ae19490