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On "Supernatural Powers" or Siddhis, and Past Lives

On "Supernatural Powers" or Siddhis, and Past Lives

"'Supernatural' is a misnomer, and moreover is a materialist straw man fallacy. Not to mention a semi-pejorative term wielded by materialists that is rooted in the concept of 'superstition.' In actuality, there is no such thing as the supernatural in Buddhist teachings, only subtle aspects of dependent origination [pratītyasamutpāda] that are usually obscured or misunderstood." https://www.reddit.com/r/Buddhism/comments/sph1qt/buddhism_and_the_supernatural/hwff9pf/?context=3 - Kyle Dixon [krodha], 2022

"My advice is knowing our nature does not require us to "rojak" [Soh: turn quantum physics and spirituality into an eclectic mix] them at all and the benefits of practice is something very tangible. It can be realized, known and experienced including the supramundane abilities of buddha and bodhisattvas, the sambhogakaya body and buddhafields to those that are serious in practice. They may be myth to some but not myth to me, at least it can be verified by first person experiences (imo) regardless how science think and that are already enough for me to cope." - John Tan, 2022

Jared K Jones:

I would say that after thorough investigation, there are reasons in terms of philosophy, physics, and direct observation to think that these sorts of phenomena are not mere descriptive fancy, nor so-called “skillful” lies to gain followers.

For practical examples, look at monks who do Tummo. They generate heat in a part of the body where there is no physical basis for such heat. Then they manipulate that heat at will and move it up the spinal column.

There was also a case of a very old Hindu yogi who attained Samadhi and stopped eating or drinking. He was studied by doctors in a continuous isolation chamber for 10 days, who concluded that - not only was he not dying of starvation or dehydration - he was in great health.

Further, we now have - thanks to the Dalai Lama - brain scans of yogis who have held themselves in the post-death state for several weeks. They didn’t decompose and had brain activity after death for extended periods of time, indicating consciousness when the body is medically dead.

The marathon monks of Mt. Hiei who have committed to the 7 year cycle only eat one small meal a day, a starvation diet of 900-1,200 calories, while hiking between 6-16 hours a day. They should be dead, medically speaking.

We also have accounts from modern times like those found in “Yogis of Tibet” where high lamas exhibit extraordinary miracles, like leaving footprints in solid rock.

Milarepa famously did this same demonstration many times for students, to show that the external world is merely a manifestation of mind. When the mind is fully tamed and awakened, the external world is entirely fluid. His handprint - from one of his meditation caves - is attached.

Great masters often also generate relics and signs in the ashes of their funeral pyres: pearls, handprints, pieces of jade, and so on. Having known people through the grape vine who have been involved in the collection of such relics, it is done with the utmost integrity.

When you read Vimalakirti, this is not allegorical or simply a creative narrative, in my view. In relativity, the observer is at the center. Events are different physically for different observers: different numbers of particles, different speeds in time, different sizes, different sequences of events, and so on.

For one observer, x happens first, then y. For another, y first, then x. For another, xy happens at the same time. And in one perspective, neither happens. All four can occur simultaneously with regards to the same so-called “external” thing. This is just Western physics!

So, when Vimalakirti causes the room to expand or mountain chairs to appear from other realms, there is no reason that this should effect the perception of the surrounding people living in the city around him. It’s simply the activity which is possible for a mind which has realized the objects of experience are inseparable from a creative-knowing factor.

....Honestly, it took me a long time looking at emptiness, the conventional nature of mind, and modern physics - as well as examples like the above - to say that these things are most likely true. I’m about 80% convinced.

....

Andersine:

Thank you! It saddens me to see Buddhists rejecting these ideas based upon our current scientific-materialist mythology.

Stanford professors are literally saying, “Is there a universe when we aren’t looking?”

And saying “Information is what the universe is made of, and information is merely mental. So, the universe is fundamentally mental.”

And we have Einstein saying (paraphrased), “The physical properties of the events depend on the observer, not only the event itself. The event can happen physically in two different ways simultaneously, depending upon two different reference frames.”

This is our own culture telling us it’s non-dual! It’s empty of self-character. The physical matter is empty and only arises with the observer. Time is empty and only occurs from a reference frame.

There is no “past event” which determines what happens now! It’s physically a different universe for all observers. Western physicists at major universities are (quite literally) saying these things.

----

The purpose of practicing dharma is for awakening and liberation, not siddhis. See Chinese video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaHEmOz4b-M

========================

17 APRIL 2007

AEN: By the way, what do you think about the supernatural topic (someone trained in shamatha asking for advice on development of siddhis/powers)?

Thusness: I wish I could discuss with him, but he is not the person for me to discuss. :)

AEN: Why?

Thusness: Anyway, unless I am an irresponsible person, I will not discuss such things in a public forum.

AEN: I see. Why is he not for you to discuss?

Thusness: Though I would very much like to.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: In fact, I have been looking for someone that has perfected non-duality to write something about non-locality, I have told you before.

AEN: I see. So what are you saying... you want to discuss supernatural powers and non-locality with someone? As in someone non-dual.

Thusness: Someone that has deep experience in non-duality. :)

AEN: I see.... so that's why you don't want to discuss with the forum guy? Because he's not non-dual yet?

Thusness: I do not wish to talk to people in samatha meditation. And only when I know the person is already enlightened. :) Otherwise, there is no point. And I do not want people to misinterpret the nature of these experiences. I also do not like people to bullshit about these experiences. And also do not like people to make fun of these experiences.

AEN: What do you mean by bullshit and make fun?

Thusness: I might leave something before I die.

AEN: Leave what?

Thusness: My experiences and how to get access to it after non-duality.

AEN: I see. What sort of experiences?

Thusness: You are not enlightened yet. :P

AEN: About supernatural powers?

Thusness: Yeah. :) Your mind is not stable yet.

AEN: I see. By the way, what are the uses of supernatural powers... how can supernatural power help one and others? My mind not stable means?

Thusness: With your current state of mind, you will not be able to correctly absorb in whatever aspect. Whatever that is necessary are already stated in sutras; there is really no point bringing it out to discuss. What one experiences for me is to break the perceptual bond that prevent us from knowing some subtle aspects of our mind. That is too difficult to break by merely just accepting things. The way to access to paranormal experiences differs.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: However, for one that has stabilized non-dual path, it is the natural progression to experience something non-local, some non-local aspect of our nature. To understand our nature. What good is there really to discuss the non-local aspect of it besides that? I do not like to call it supernatural power.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: You can see that I seldom call it so. I call it non-local aspects of our nature.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: As it is part of our nature. In line with emptiness. I do not like to deviate from the profound teachings of emptiness.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Of our nature. :)

AEN: I see.

Thusness: That is why I also do not wish to discuss with anyone that is on concentration. Because it is not about wisdom and our nature.

AEN: By the way, there's a difference right between someone who gains those powers from concentration, and those who become enlightened and those so-called powers actually arise from prajna?

Thusness: If you want to know, know what is our nature and practice. I do not know, I have not discussed with them. :) First is the realisation.

AEN: What do you mean?

Thusness: You must realise what is meant by non-duality. What is no-self realisation.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Like Longchen, experience it. Then your dualistic thought will continue to confuse you. It is not easy to overcome until it has sunk so deep into your consciousness.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: That one day your realisation and action become one... somehow you 'see' the pathless path towards non-dual at every moment. But due to attachments, the experience of non-duality through wisdom will not be thorough. So you must practice the other 5 paramitas.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Then non-dual in action can become one....to clear other forms of attachments and to further experience our boundless nature. But some of these bonds can be cleared if one is able to have non-local experiences.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Certain attachments will subside due to these experiences. But the practice of the other 5 paramitas are more thorough. Non-local aspects of our nature if without sufficient wisdom will have side effects.

AEN: I see.... what side effects? 5 paramitas, how does it help in non-attachment?

Thusness: To me, side effects is always creating perceptual bond on other aspects. You eliminate one and you add 3. :)

AEN: I see.

Thusness: If non-local aspects is experienced and you unknowingly add to our ego other form of bonds, then it is quite difficult to break. Because it was caused by non-local experiences.

AEN: I see.... you mean like being identified/attached to having supernatural powers?

Thusness: One of them. Or you may visit other realms and get attached? Or you may contact spirits and be attached and dwell with them...

AEN: I see.

Thusness: You do not know... when you dwell... you may sink into deeper illusion into the realm that you have created without knowing.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: It is not just a matter of ego. :)

AEN: Yes, Teacher Chen said.

Thusness: It is our wisdom and clarity have not penetrated to the depth of seeing through these states.

========================

2006

AEN: Eckhart Tolle's depth of experience is there?

John: I hope the next book has what I want. :)

AEN: I see what you want.

John: Eckhart Tolle's yes. But I think not to Toni's level. That is my opinion. Toni's is almost mirror bright. But I just cannot understand a certain thing.

AEN: I see.... cannot understand what?

John: About emptiness, there is something not there. Initially, I thought it should be a natural progression.

AEN: As in? You there?

John: Talking to my dad and wife. :P

AEN: I see.

John: You taken your dinner?

AEN: Yes.

John: I hope to grab the new book when it arrives in Singapore.

AEN: I see, yes, me too. There?

John: Just finished eating. :)

AEN: I see, okay. So what do you mean about the emptiness?

John: Many people can only write until the level what Toni wrote.... I am looking for some non-locality experiences.

AEN: Back. What do you mean by non-locality experiences and why is it that many people can only write until what Toni wrote?

John: Zen masters have that level of clarity. As for lay, seldom do I see people having that clarity. It is therefore difficult for people to write about anything after he/she reaches that level of clarity. Unfortunately, real Zen masters don't speak much. :) When you listen, the sound is out there....how far can we hear?

AEN: As in physical distance?

John: Yes.

AEN: I don't know, need measurement on the relative level.

John: Wait for the books to be out...

AEN: Huh? So you mean Toni Packer didn't speak of non-locality?

John: I do not know. I don't know if she experiences it or not. :P

AEN: http://www.heartspace.org/misc/IndraNet.html
4. Non-locality
Indra's Net shoots holes in the assumption or imputation of a solid and fixed universe 'out there'. The capacity of one jewel to reflect the light of another jewel from the other edge of infinity is something that is difficult for the linear mind, rational mind to comprehend. The fact that all nodes are simply reflections indicates that there is no particular single source point from where it all arises.
So have you read any books that spoke about non-locality?

John: This is interesting...

AEN: Avatamsaka Sutra. And Indra's net. http://buddhism.sgforums.com/?action=thread_display&thread_id=129929

John: Have you watched Superman?

AEN: Yes.

John: There is a part where he raises above the earth's atmosphere and listens....he hears all... I like that part. :)

AEN: I see.... how come?

John: Just like it...

AEN: I see. Like Guan Yin :P

John: Yes. :)

AEN: My shi fu said something like... which I didn't quite understand... when you practise until a certain level, in another universe, when a flower blossoms you will know. I can't remember if it is exactly it. I think it's not referring to supernatural powers.

John: Your shi fu is who?

AEN: Ven Shen Kai.

John: Sheng Kai? Okay.

AEN: Teacher Chen is his dharma successor in charge of transmitting some important dharmas.

John: I see.... then Li Zhu teacher?

AEN: Yup. Oh. Local teacher.

John: So when you say shi fu, you are normally referring to Ven Shen Kai?

AEN: Yes.

John: I see. :)

AEN: Truths maybe call 'shi gong'. Because different side. Because Li Zhu lao shi is not chu jia.

John: I see.

AEN: "Guan Yin's practise is 'er gen yuan tong', whatever world has sentient beings calling for him, he will hear and save them. Therefore if we are to attain buddhahood in this world, even if there is a flower blossoming in another universe, we will know immediately, then we will attain buddhahood". I think he mentioned about a flower blossoming in another universe somewhere else too. In the 'kai shi lu' series.

John: I see. You are very resourceful. :)

AEN: Because I just listened to this again recently. So I remember.

John: I see.

AEN: Guan Yin can listen because he can access 'the ocean of self-nature'. Is it some kind of supernatural power?

John: This might be possible through deep clarity.... it relates to the clearing of fetters.

AEN: I see.

John: But like I said, not for you to delve into it now. :P

AEN: Okay.

06 JULY 2006

AEN: Still there? So how is non-locality experienced as?

John: Might be like Superman. :)

AEN: Huh? As in really can hear very far?

John: What is emptiness?

AEN: Empty of inherent existence (3 dharma seals), dependent arising?

John: How does consciousness arise?

AEN: Conditioned arising / dependent arising.

John: And how does condition arise?

AEN: Hmm, like net of Indra metaphor?

John: I don't know... just arise. :P

=============

John Tan commentary on Lankavatara Sutra, 2007:

https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/p/normal-0-false-false-false-en-sg-zh-cn.html

When we look at Buddhism, Buddhism is very consistent. Why do I say that Buddhism is very consistent? Not because I like Buddhism. You see, a person saying that I have experienced Presence, and I AM the Eternal Witness, I AM God, I AM all powerful and I AM the First Cause, and yet, they see a dualistic world. This is in total conflict; this has totally no logic at all. Because, you see, in Buddhism when we talk about Non-Duality, we are saying something like the Dependent Origination. Because of This, That Is. This arises, That arises. This ceases, That ceases. We look at the entire formation, there is no “Who?” Where is the “Who?” When we ask “Where?”, there is no “Where?”. When we ask “When?”, there is no “When?” It can be 10 million miles away. It can be in another planet. The teaching is consistent. It does not require a “Who”, a “Where”, a “When”. Condition arises, it is there. It is not stored in any place, or anywhere. This is the teaching. The entire teaching is consistent when it comes to the practise. They didn’t say Concentration can lead to Insight. They tell you, Vipashyana Meditation can lead to Insight of what Reality is all about. It does not teach that there is a Self. The Buddha taught the three dharma seals: there is No-Self. So the teaching is consistent in terms of philosophy, in terms of meditation practice, and in terms of the truths that is being preached.

And also in terms of spiritual powers. When I say something like Clairvoyance... I can see, not bounded by distance. I can hear, not bounded by distance. How come? Why? If we were to take other religions, they can’t explain. But if you were to take Buddhism, Buddha had never told you, has never taught, something of an Ego, something of a Where, something of a When. It is not bounded by Time and Space at all in the entire philosophy. Never has he taught anything like that. And therefore, when we talk about spiritual powers, it is consistent. It is knowing without the need for a Space and Time, not bounded by Space and Time, because the entire teaching is so. And what is being said about this? It is the Nature. This is your nature. Reality is like that, it is so. Therefore, when we understand the teachings, we understand that yes, it is not right to be attached, therefore we cannot say we want to seek spiritual powers, like Nub. But we have to understand, this is our Nature, this is our Reality. Because the teaching has never contradicted itself. If you want to know about your reality, you have to practise. That is the teaching. And the practise has always been telling you to observe these 3 universal characteristics. So when we see the link between the practise, the philosophy, even something spiritual and something that is not scientific. This is important.

=============

Sim Pern Chong's article from 2008

taken from https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/2008/06/non-solidity-of-existence.html

(Post last updated: 15th June 2008)
http://www.dreamdatum.com/non-solidity.html

The non-solidity of existence

This article describes a spiritual insight. It may be quite hard to understand.

The things that we experience are registered by all the sense organs. The eye sight registers vision, the ears register sound, the body registers sensations. These perception, sensations and experiences are not happening in some places. They are the experience of the arising of certain conditions. There is no solidity and physicality in the actual experience.

What we experienced is not universal and common to all. Here's an example to illustrate that: We know that as human beings, we see in term of colours. Some animals are however colour-blind, thus they see differently from us. But none of us, is really seeing the truth nature directly. The senses of different species of sentient beings experience things differently. So who is seeing the real image of an object? None.

Likewise, the various planes of existence are due to different conditions arising. In certain types of meditation, one is said to be able to access these planes of existence. This is because they are not specific locations. They are mental states and are thus non-localised. In these meditations, our consciousness changes and 'aligned' more with these other states or planes of existence.

All the planes of existence are simultaneously manifesting, but because our senses are human-based conditioned arisings, we only see the human world and other beings that shared 'similar' resonating arising conditions. But nevertheless, the other planes of existences are not elsewhere in some other places.

What we think of as places are really just consciousness and there is no solidity whatsoever. Even our touch sense is just that. The touch sense gives an impression of feeling something that is physical and three-dimensional. But there is really no solid self-existing object there. Instead, it is simply the sensation that gives the impression of physical solidity and form.

OK, that all I can think of and write about this topic. I will revise and improve this article where the need arises.

For your necessary ponderance. Thank you for reading.

These articles are parts of a series of spiritual realisation articles.

-------------------------------

Thusness/Passerby's comment on a related/largely similar post by Longchen in the forum:

Originally posted by longchen:
Hi Friend,
Just my understanding only. For discussion sake. Also, I find this topic very interesting.
What appears to us are registered by all the sense organs. The eye sight sees some thing, the ears hear something, etc ,etc. There are not happening in some place. They are the arising of certain conditions.
To illustrate that what we experience is not standardised, we know that human beings see in term of colour range. Some animals are colour-blind. so they see differently. But none of us, is seeing the truth nature directly. The senses of different species of sentient beings experience things differently.
Likewise, the 31 planes of existence are due to different conditions arising. In the jhana meditation, one is said to be able to access these planes of existence. This is because they are not specific locations. They are mental states. In the jhanas, our consciousness changes and 'aligned' more with these other states or planes of existence.
All the planes of existence are simultaneously manifesting, but because our senses are human-based conditioned arisings, we only see the human world and other beings that shared 'similar' resonating arising conditions. But nevertheless, the other planes of existences are not elsewhere in some other places.
What we think of as places are really just consciousness. .. no solidity whatsoever. Even our touch sense is just that. It gives an impression of feeling something 3D with textures and so on so forth. But there is no solid self-existing object there... it is simply the sensation that gives the impression of solidity.

Hi Longchen,
I can see the synchronization of emptiness view into your non-dual experiences --. Integrating view, practice and experience. This is the essence of our emptiness nature and right understanding of non-dual experience in Buddhism that is different from Advaita Vedanta teaching. This is also the understanding of why Everything is the One Reality incorporating causes, conditions and luminosity of our Empty nature as One and inseparable. Everything as the One Reality should never be understood from a dualistic/inherent standpoint.

This also explains the nature of 'supernatural power' like clairvoyance and seeing things far away, etc.

Indeed! You can see the how the view, practice and experience leading to the understanding of non-locality in terms of views, practices and experience.

Stage 6. The nature of Presence is Empty
Not only is there no ‘who’ in pristine awareness, there is no ‘where’ and ‘when’. This is its nature.
When there is this, that is.
With the arising of this, that arises.
When this is not, neither is that.
With the cessation of this, that ceases.

-- the principle of conditionality
The self-luminous awareness from beginning-less time has never been separated and cannot be separated from its conditions. They are not two -- This is, That is. Along with the conditions, Luminosity shines without a center and arises without a place. No where to be found. This is the emptiness nature of Presence.

=============

Facebook Discussion Thread

Soh Wei Yu: Supernatural powers does exist and is not just magical thinking. But whether all stories are mythical or actually happened is another story. But as for siddhis, many people including John Tan has had experiences with them, various kinds. I have only very limited experiences with them compared to the other yogis, and mainly of a clairvoyant nature. I shall digress and just refer to others on this matter.

https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/.../on...

Excerpt:
Daniel M. Ingram wrote: https://www.dharmaoverground.org/discussion/-/message_boards/message/318001#_19_message_319167
...As to crazy-ass experiences, here's a very short list: moving flames around with my mind with very Ghost-Busters-style energy blasts that accompanied the force that moved the flame, endless OBE stuff and lucid dream stuff, some of which was straight off the cushion and back to the cushion, predicting my wife having a car accident 4 years later accurately, hearing and seeing all manner of stuff (from British women chatting in their parlor about the news on the tele to pit preachers on Sunday morning talking about how the Buddhists in the monastery I was staying in would all go to Hell, and much, much more), have very profound and powerfully explanatory past-life experiences, have some bilocation-type experiences, being able to put my "ghost-hand" through a wall with all awareness and sensation perception then embodied in that rather than my usual body, being able to call up beyond-orgasmic bliss to roll through my body, being able to know to hit the breaks to slow down before I could possible see the deer about to run out in front of me on the way driving home, being able to make people do or stop doing various things (very grey morality territory here), being able to see and manipulate the energy channels in my body, being able to know who has called while the phone is ringing sometimes (lots of people can do that, actually), banishing a demon or two (whatever that means), and the endless crazy A&P stuff with my body exploding into energy and fire-works like experiences, bright lights, seeing through closed eye-lids, shaking, traveling, and many other strange things like that. There are more subtle magicks: long-range formally-cast intentions to have certain situations resolve within certain parameters, being able to feel what the person I was giving a back rub to was feeling and where the pain was, resolutions to have various jhanic experiences happen or to get stream entry or whatever, general subtle-energy manipulation in my body, rooms, situations, interactions, conversations, and even more subtle things: strange intuitions about how things will go, about what to do or not do in a certain situation. Even at times the musical things I write that just show up and seem unbidden seem magickal, but that's probably not what you were after.

While obviously this stuff is quite interesting, in the end, as they all say and are right, it is actually things like finishing the process of insight and being kind, wise in a relative way, and helpful that make the most difference in terms of how good your life will be, though those things can help with that, if used properly and kept in perspective, which for some, like me, takes seeing them so many times I finally got somewhat (though not completely) bored by them. In short, if you have some powers experience, don't quit your day job.

============
Also see interview: DY 008 – “Meditation, Magick, and the Fire Kasina” – with guest Daniel Ingram
Thusness liked this article: http://integrateddaniel.info/magick-and-the-brahma-viharas/

Soh Wei Yu: Also, check out this book: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/.../dying-to-be-me...
She was not a trained yogi before her nde but her nde itself and recovery was very miraculous
It is an interesting book a new york times bestseller

Soh Wei Yu: A post by Daniel Ingram this year -
“Might check out the book Real Magic, by Dean Radin, as well as some others, such as Supernormal and Entangled Minds, that is if you are interested in entertaining arguments that this stuff has long been proven and people just continue to reject it for fixed-paradigmatic/dogmatic reasons.
Might get your concentration strong, like really strong, and see what happens, as there is nothing like doing the experiment yourself to inform questions and views. That is always more satisfying than reading some words on an internet forum, and can lead to other benefits as well. Basically, if you actually care about this stuff, care about it in a way that gives you the benefits that deep, caring practice leads to. If you don't actually care that much, consider moving to a forum that is more for theoretical discussions and skepticism than practice. Talk is cheap but also typically unsatisfying in these areas for all concerned.
Haven't had anything in particular to do with Actualism in years, but did derive some interesting results from my experiments with it, and definitely don't regret that period of my practice, though I am happy that politics isn't happening now like it was then.
Best wishes,
Daniel”

Additional information (updated):

Dean Radin's three best-known popular books in this area — Entangled Minds (2006), Supernormal (2013), and Real Magic (2018) — all make versions of the same broad argument: telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, psychokinesis, and related psi phenomena should be treated as empirical questions rather than dismissed a priori as superstition. His case is not merely folkloric or mystical; he argues that controlled experiments, meta-analyses, and decades of parapsychology research point to small but persistent anomalies that mainstream science has not adequately explained.

That said, the most accurate summary is not that psi has been "scientifically proven" in the ordinary consensus sense. A fairer summary is that Radin argues the cumulative statistical case is already strong, while critics reply that the reported effects are typically small, methodologically fragile, difficult to replicate cleanly, or vulnerable to analytical and publication biases. So the dispute is not simply "evidence versus no evidence." It is also a dispute over standards of evidence, prior plausibility, and what should count as replication in a domain where the claimed effects are weak and variable.

Entangled Minds presents the broadest case for psi as a real but elusive aspect of nature, drawing heavily on telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis research. Supernormal extends the discussion toward contemplative traditions, yoga, meditation, and the classical idea that unusual capacities may arise through training. Real Magic frames the same family of claims in more accessible language, arguing that practices long called "magic" can be re-read as expressions of intention, divination, and mind-matter interaction.

Examples repeatedly discussed in Radin's work include ganzfeld telepathy experiments, presentiment studies, remote-viewing research, random-number-generator experiments, and the Global Consciousness Project. Supportive reviewers often point to meta-analyses reporting above-chance overall effects in some of these paradigms. Critics respond that meta-analyses can magnify underlying design flaws, pool uneven studies, and overstate what statistically significant deviations from chance actually imply.

Presentiment research is a good example. Supporters cite meta-analyses reporting anticipatory physiological differences before randomly selected emotional stimuli. Critics reply that claims of this magnitude would have far-reaching implications and therefore require especially strict controls against expectation effects, analytical artifacts, and study-quality problems. Remote viewing is another instructive case: the CIA-commissioned review acknowledged statistically interesting findings in some datasets, yet concluded that the material had not been shown to be useful for intelligence operations. The Global Consciousness Project likewise remains controversial: its proponents report long-term anomalies in global random-number-generator networks, whereas alternative analyses have argued that the data do not justify the strong claim of a literal "global consciousness" effect.

Radin also frequently invokes quantum language — especially nonlocality and entanglement — as a possible conceptual bridge. Here caution is needed. Quantum entanglement is real, but mainstream physics does not treat Bell tests or entanglement experiments as evidence for telepathy or psychokinesis, and entanglement itself does not allow faster-than-light signaling. So quantum theory may function as an analogy or speculative framework in Radin's books, but it should not be presented as a settled scientific proof of psi.

This is where Daniel Ingram's practical emphasis becomes relevant. His point is not merely "read Radin and believe him." It is that endless theoretical debate rarely settles such questions. If someone genuinely cares about this topic, they should strengthen concentration, mindfulness, and discernment enough to examine unusual experiences directly — while also keeping ethical caution, psychological balance, and a willingness not to over-interpret every anomaly. In that sense, Ingram's recommendation is pragmatic and experiential rather than merely ideological.

So the most careful synthesis is this: Radin represents one of the clearest contemporary pro-psi popular cases from within parapsychology; sympathetic reviewers such as Etzel Cardeña argue that the cumulative evidence is stronger than most skeptics admit; critics such as Ray Hyman, Arthur Reber, and James Alcock argue that the field remains unconvincing and conceptually problematic. A sober conclusion is that the evidence is intriguing and heavily contested, but still far from commanding mainstream scientific consensus. That is a much stronger and more defensible summary than saying the matter has already been conclusively proven or, on the other hand, dismissing it without serious examination.

For readers who want to go deeper, it is best to read both sides rather than rely on advocacy alone: Radin's Entangled Minds, Supernormal, and Real Magic; Etzel Cardeña's 2018 review in American Psychologist; the presentiment meta-analysis by Mossbridge, Tressoldi, and Utts; and critiques by Ray Hyman and by Arthur Reber and James Alcock.

"Is everything connected? Can we sense what's happening to loved ones thousands of miles away? Why are we sometimes certain of a caller's identity the instant the phone rings? Do intuitive hunches contain information about future events? Is it possible to perceive without the use of the ordinary senses?

Many people believe that "psychic phenomena" are rare talents or divine gifts. Others don't believe they exist at all. But the latest scientific research shows that these phenomena are both real and widespread, and are an unavoidable consequence of the interconnected, entangled physical reality we live in. Albert Einstein called entanglement "spooky action at a distance"—the way two objects remain connected through time and space, without communicating in any conventional way, long after their initial interaction has taken place. Could a similar entanglement of minds explain our apparent psychic abilities? Dean Radin, senior scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences, believes it might.

In this illuminating book, Radin shows how we know that psychic phenomena such as telepathy, clairvoyance, and psychokinesis are real, based on scientific evidence from thousands of controlled lab tests. Radin surveys the origins of this research and explores, among many topics, the collective premonitions of 9/11. He reveals the physical reality behind our uncanny telepathic experiences and intuitive hunches, and he debunks the skeptical myths surrounding them. Entangled Minds sets the stage for a rational, scientific understanding of psychic experience."

Soh Wei Yu: Powers are possible due to dependent origination. If things were inherently produced and fixed, it would not arise due to causes and conditions and be immutable and fixed, and all appearances will be impossible. Then powers will be impossible, also. So the OP is correct. On the other hand some people like Jesus interpreted their miracles to have come from other power, like an omnipotent God. This is not how Buddhadharma understands siddhis. Likewise, siddhis does not arise due to an all powerful Self or agent, as there is none. In buddhism, powers arise due to the dependent origination and cultivation of the four bases of powers. As Malcolm said years ago, “Nevertheless, Buddhism is a species of naturalism, asserting that everything that occurs can be explained without resort to supernatural explanations.” Of course, he is not negating powers, but he also pointed out that even siddhis were “produced” by causes and conditions, particularly samadhi.

Soh Wei Yu: More on the naturalism part, Malcolm wrote:
“Meanings are invented, consensual and conventional.
As for your second sentence, it is very questionable that metaphysical naturalism is necessarily grounded in utilitarianism — I think you are making too broad a claim. For example, take this definition in which there is no species of utilitarianism mentioned:
Naturalism, in recent usage, is a species of philosophical monism according to which whatever exists or happens is natural in the sense of being susceptible to explanation through methods which, although paradigmatically exemplified in the natural sciences, are continuous from domain to domain of objects and events. Hence, naturalism is polemically defined as repudiating the view that there exists or could exist any entities which lie, in principle, beyond the scope of scientific explanation.
Buddhadharma [and Jaindharma] in this respect is also a species of metaphysical naturalism — in Buddhadharma there is no mystery precisely because "whatever exists or happens is natural" and there does not exist nor could exist "any entities which lie, in principle, beyond the scope of Dharma explanation."
In other religions however [sans philosophical Taoism and Confucism], there is a profound mystery, God, through whose agency all things are created.
Indeed, this is one of the reasons why Buddhadharma is so appealing to westerners with liberal educations. The naturalism of Buddhadharma and philosophical Taoism fit well into our already metaphysically naturalist predilections.
HH Dalai Lama exemplifies this view with his confidence that indeed science can explain confirm, and justify any and all Buddhist beliefs, but even more than that, he recommends abandoning any Buddhist tenets that are directly contradicted by scientific explanation and found to be definitely false from a scientific point of view."

Soh Wei Yu: Also as I said to JT:
[5:11 PM, 11/10/2020] Soh Wei Yu: I think those who experience all is mind but not anatta and especially total exertion are more prone to solipsism and idealism
[6:50 PM, 11/10/2020] John Tan: Yes.
[6:52 PM, 11/10/2020] John Tan: No privileging into either pole.

Soh Wei Yu: Not implying the OP is falling into that trap though, but my previous discussion with Mr. A 2 years ago gave me an impression that his view is skewed towards that.

Soh Wei Yu: One of the first 'students' of John Tan realised anatta in 2006 after being stuck at I AM for many years prior to meeting John Tan. Previously he was into a mystical group belonging to the Rosicrucian, the teachers were quite deeply experienced in the I AM to non dual and impersonality but not into anatta. The teachers were psychic and confirmed Sim Pern Chong's memories of his past lives (that is, they could see Sim's past lives as well). That mystical group's website: http://www.plotinus.com/
(Sim Pern Chong's writings: https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/search/label/Simpo%2FLongchen)

Sim Pern Chong remembered many of his past lives in incredible details as he relived his past lives and not merely recalled vague scenes. He also knew how his current life wife, daughter, etc were related to him in his previous lives, also his daughter exhibits psychic ability even at a young age (John Tan commented the child seems just like the father). He actually was a Nyingma monk who practiced Dzogchen two lifetimes ago. I think he told me before about practicing in the Tibetan highlands overlooking vast expanse. This life, he got acquinted with Chogyal Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche again in 2012 when I told him to join me for that retreat. But it explains his interest in Dzogchen even way back in maybe early 2000s.

Being a Tibetan monk in that lifetime, that means he surely had taken refuge, made bodhicitta aspiration etc in his previous life. But that didn't mean he could attain liberation in that lifetime, as most people do not. Nor did he realise anatta or emptiness or attain first bhumi, etc. In fact he remember that he only attained the I AM realization in his Tibetan monk lifetime, which was the first life he was into spirituality (the previous lifetimes before that had events leading up or causing his spiritual search in subsequent life but I shall digress).

In the immediate past life, he did not encounter Buddhism but was reborn in western Europe, I believe France. He was fighting in world war 1 in the trenches in a scene which he relived, meaning it was incredibly real and vividly experienced as if he was 'there' again, and in that scene he could recall running across trenches, pausing for a while and thinking of his wife (I think), a sad scene. This caused some trauma for him and explained his anxieties about war in this life, and his past life recall helped solve his traumas. In that lifetime, he also realised I AM only and was involved in mysticism, which explained his current lifetime links with the mystical groups prior to meeting John Tan.

Having I AM realization does not ensure some kind of mastery of rebirth or something like that. It is not even the first bhumi. That being said, Sim Pern Chong did recall some subconscious level (which he call 'Alaya') planning or blueprint of rebirth prior to appearing in this life. I actually had that sort of impression before, a brief one, of the spiritual purpose of my incarnation, as if there was some kind of plan or purpose. But I certainly am not a conscious emanation of some high level being, flawless, that was enlightened from birth. (Update: Regarding being emanations, Ven Hui Lu Fa Shi 慧律法师 expressed it very well when he said something like this:
"Those masters and teachers are committing a serious misdeed by creating, or knowingly allowing, the impression—whether they state it outright or permit their students to continue saying it—that they are great Bodhisattva emanations solely to inspire 'faith.'"
I agree with him, and I find it cultic and disgusting. I will never let anyone deify me.
I refuse to give anyone the impression that I am some kind of emanation—such behavior is utterly cult-like.
John Tan concurred when I mentioned this to him, he himself said "this is important" and even advised me to ensure that I never deify him when I make statements about him.)

This life, he came to know John Tan through an internet forum in 2004 and realised anatta and emptiness.

Malcolm said those who encounter Dzogchen teachings have had past life karmic connections with the teachings. Most practitioners that do their due diligence will attain liberation at the bardo. The very "lousy" ones will attain liberation within three lifetimes, so it does not mean you know Dzogchen then that means we are 'advanced' or special. It means we are the most lousy practitioners and didn't get liberated in the bardo or attain rainbow body in the previous life. Maybe we all had such links from previous lifetimes.

(2024 Update by Soh:
Sim shared: For the benefit of whoever is reading this... I share my personal experiences of relived past life occurrences.
In a previous life, I adopted a stray dog as a young boy. Then WW1 broke out and I got conscripted as an infantry soldier. The dog at home died due to no care. In this life, a dog becomes someone that I have to take care of. This is how karma works. It doesn't really take into account that I was forced to leave in a drafted war.
In another ancient life, I am in a group of medical trainees. A captured or slave woman... I really don't know... I just watched the scene as a first person... was dissected alive. In this life, this woman becomes someone that I have endured hardship with. This is karma... and it again did not take into account that the trainees were forced to perform the dissection.
Those that use their mouth to direct the orders... they do not incur the direct karma of the 'hands-on' task of the subordinates. This is how dark forces manipulate karma for god knows how long... possibly even before there were modern-day humans.
These are not well articulated in traditional religious texts... because I believe many 'teachers' do not really go deep into the alaya. Most 'teachers' are just parroting 'teachings'. Realising no-self can be experienced in the sense sphere.. the alaya is a different kind of penetration .. it is penetration into the unseen realms of consciousness. Nothing beats the knowledge from direct perception.
... Hmm... I really don't know. My approach is just a fine balancing act between finding insights and yet keeping the mind open-minded. That is how I progressed.
On a certain level, the knowledge of these are already there... it is just blocked from the regular attention. I am at times also frustrated that the full awareness is not available. As a side note, I have been rebuked by a Being conveyed through a very weird encounter where someone called me and then suddenly says his mentoring spirit guide wants to talk to me. And then the spirit guide took over the other guy and told me how much I have forgotten and need to recover fuller memories.
I think Achan Brahm has direct understanding of this area.. but he is kept by samaya to not reveal any psychic ability. I saw in one of his recent videos that he mentioned that he is frustrated by not being able to talk about past lives of his own.) note: Achan Brahm = Ajahn Brahmavamso

Soh Wei Yu: Ken Wilber, Integral Meditation:
“These examples also point out that some of the “narrative” forms of religion that we talked about earlier are holdovers from this early Magic period in our evolution, because they take quite literally the miraculous stories in the Bible, for example (such as Moses parting the Red Sea). Even to this day, some adults are attracted to magical elements in their religion—they likely got involved with the religion in the first place because they are drawn to acts like magically walking on water, raising the dead, making the blind see, turning water into wine, and multiplying loaves and fishes. The religious practices of some sects might include things like handling live poisonous snakes, with the belief that their faith will magically protect them. (Unfortunately, a leader of one of the largest of these sects recently died, in his early 40s, after being bitten by a rattlesnake in one of these rituals.) And some present-day spiritual approaches, such as those described in The Secret and What the Bleep Do We Know? contain a heavy dose of this magic, which appeals, as we will see, to what’s called the egocentric or self-aggrandizing aspect of ourselves. This fantasy magic is a hidden map in much of the “law of attraction” and several other New Age notions. Now, this infantile word-magic is quite different from actual paranormal capacities, such as real ESP, precognition, or telekinesis, or the value of a strongly held intention in achieving one’s goals. Strictly controlled scientific experiments have demonstrated, beyond a reasonable doubt, that some of these capacities are indeed very real.2 (footnote reference to Dr Roger Walsh, researcher in consciousness studies and related fields) But the success at these paranormal capacities seems to dramatically go down when the person is motivated by purely selfish, egocentric, narcissistic, or power drives. There’s a big difference between fantasy magic and real psychic capacities, so do keep that in mind. Now, you might have some of these essentially magical superstitious notions, but you can easily tell whether they are magical hidden maps, and not real psychic powers, by noting how many self-aggrandizing motivations are also occurring around the magic notions. If they are wishes for nothing but your own glorification, your own success, your own specialness, or for beating out all others for the prize, and you are using magical practices (which are essentially a form of exaggerated wish-fulfillment), then you might very well have a fair amount of your awareness stuck at this early stage, this magical, fantasy, egocentric stage. If so, you will take up meditation to marvelously increase your own greatness, or magically bring you boons (getting the girl, the car, the new house, the promotion), or cause you to automatically lose weight and become irresistibly gorgeous, and miraculously give you all your own egoic desires just like that!, and basically put you first and foremost in all the world (yikes!). If you have a fair number of these magical beliefs, the recommendation, of course, will be to recognize them, to recognize that hidden map in your life, see how much of your life these superstitious magical beliefs are governing, and then hold them up to direct awareness, bringing them under the sunlight of pure mindfulness and radiant presence, thus turning them into mere objects of awareness. See these beliefs as objects in your mindfulness field instead of using them as subjects, as hidden maps with which you see the world. Look at them, not through them. Look directly and intensely at them—stop looking through them or with them. Videotape them to death.”

Soh Wei Yu: Sim Pern Chong also foresaw this covid pandemic in a meditation vision more than a decade ago which he posted in sgForums - I still remember that post, a vision where all airplanes and transport stopped (as happened during the lockdown). He also had visions that preluded the 2004 tsunami, and this time he had another vision about the impact of global warming. It is catastrophic and I shall not divulge too much details. Humanity must work/cooperate with nature to survive this ordeal, it is existential. Personally I only knew from my meditation about a month+ before the worldwide outbreak of covid as I wrote in https://www.facebook.com/cyberlogy/posts/10163337237870226 . I forewarned a few people.
I used to have more dreams of clarity and such visions in practice in the past during army days when I had much more time to meditate.
Speaking of which, I shall go meditate now.

(Another update, 2024: Sim Pern Chong shared also, “ Sound also may seem to have a finer counterpart..
I also have bleed through of other lives.. That is why I post a lot about wars.. e.g. Ukraine-Russia conflict. End of last year, tracing unknown anxiety, I literally relived a seemingly medieval setting where I was a defender and then the 'enemies' rushed forward.. but instead of seeing able-bodied combatants, all I saw were old and crippled men.. This is the cause of the anxiety... what should I do? Strike them ..but my conscience says otherwise. This is the cause of anxiety.. I don't know what to do next. Next moment, the main enemy force comes from our side... fast and furious. End of vision.
What frustrates me.. is that a thousand years later, the same tactic and shit is still being used in the Ukraine-Russia conflict. The fact that nothing has changed tells that samsara is hopeless..”)

Cheng Chen: Soh Wei Yu bro, this is the best post you’ve written yet!

Soh Wei Yu: I think it should be common that many of us have practiced for many lifetimes, although not always.
I think back in 2012, the moment John Tan saw Kyle Dixon on skype video the first time back then, he psychically intuited that Kyle had a past life connection with Milarepa. In recent years John Tan reminded me about it again. According to wiki Milarepa lived in the 11th century. If this is true then maybe kyle has been practicing dharma for many lifetimes. John Tan also psychically knew a lot of things about me just by looking at me (things in this life or recent events that happened to me that was unspoken, which I could confirm was true and was shocked he knew about them).
On the other hand some like Daniel Ingram claimed not to have been very spiritual in recent lifetimes.*
Even some other people like j krishnamurti remembered being a student, a monk of Buddha - http://www.buddhanet.net/bvk_study/bvk22a.htm
P.s. this is not a superiority contest of who has practiced for more lifetimes, just sharing some interesting stories.
*daniel ingram:
“As to world-cycles or the like, my past life experiences line up along the following lines, if you believe in such experiences having validity:
1) This life human.
2) Last life some sort of moderately powerful, clearly somewhat debauched male jealous god/sorcerer of some kind that was stabbed in the back with a dagger by a woman who he had wronged in some way, I think.
3) Some sort of mother skunk-like animal that was eaten by a large black dog or wolf.
4) Some sort of mother bat that was killed when the rock it was clinging to at the top of the cave fell to the floor.
5) Some sort of grim, gigantic, armored skeletal titan-like thing that ran tirelessly through space swinging a gigantic sword and doing battle nearly continuously without sleep for hundreds of thousands of years that was killed by something like a dragon.
6) Some gigantic, gelatinous, multi-tentacled, very alien being living in a very dark place for a very long time, probably under water, I think.
Other than some sense that the skunk-thing and the bat-thing were virtuous mothers, I have no sense that there was any profound previous dharmic development at least back that far, and, in fact, have the distinct sense that the previous one was a bit of a cad and not very ethical. Take that all for what you will.”
Daniel

25 APRIL 2007

AEN: I met with Longchen just now.. We discussed a lot of things. He said he can't maintain the deconstructed state though the non-dual state is effortless for him. Like when talking to me he is non-dual but still there is perception. Anyway, he also thinks Buddhism has more depth than others... And thinks dream interpretation has down sides like one can become attached to symbolism. Can you maintain the deconstructed, 'bright' state when talking to people? Is it there must be insight into self liberation of perception or something like that? He also told me his past lives. His father, etc. A lot of other things. The reason why he became a monk was because in a previous lifetime prior to the Tibetan monk... he was one of those scientists or something.. he was among one of them watching the scientist dissecting a body of a woman... for research I think. Then suddenly the woman woke up from her unconsciousness. And was like 'Why are you doing this to me??' to her horror but the other scientists didn't hear her, they were like planning what organ to take out, etc. And he felt very very guilty and felt he should go into spirituality. So next life became a Tibetan monk. Then this life he also likes to research and experiment with things. He said it was because of an imprint from a past life. He said jonls's energetic expansion is due to the release of the self, 'hereness', and all the attachment... but wrongly interpreted as 'arising from the gut'. He also discussed qi gong just now.. and said at different stages of realisation, the qi is different. By the way, he also said something like we form labels on things we experience extremely fast and we usually didn't notice it. Symbols I think.. I don't know what he said.. or perception.

Thusness: Yes I can. :)

AEN: I see, how?

Thusness: And transparency. :P But don't get attached to states. :P

AEN: But how to remain deconstructed even when there are perceptions. Like when you talk to me, there has to be symbols.

Thusness: We are not used to completely without symbols... but we must at least certain periods during the waking state. :) I will tell you later.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: That is a form of realisation. I will need to explain to you the essence of non-dual thinking. And what David Loy meant but didn't really grasp the essence of it.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: My the other book came. :)

AEN: I see.

Thusness: But more of a reference. Came back early for that book. :P

AEN: I see. You were having a meeting just now right? What other book by the way?

AEN: Longchen told me deconstruction is a state free from perception. I asked what he meant by perception. He said sensations of sound, sight, etc. are all perception. Then I asked if there is no perception of 5 senses and thoughts, how is that different from unconsciousness. He replied, "I don't know how to explain... but there is no unconsciousness... rather there is a bliss and brightness. It is also here that one realises that thought content is the cause of much of the suffering."

Thusness: That is good. :) I mean what he said is quite good. :)

AEN: I see. But I still don't really understand how that is different from unconscious. Can you explain?

Thusness: Cannot... this is not what he meant. What he meant is there is no differentiation of sound, sight... etc. It becomes isness.

AEN: I see.... oh, so no differentiation.

Thusness: Means sensate reality of sound, sight... etc. becomes deconstruction from meanings... and becomes one whole experience of Isness. There must be clarity of it. You are in Temasek poly. But he must also know in clarity of how consciousness blinds us and how subtle it is. And the continuous function of these habitual tendencies to blind us until isness and blinding become clear.

AEN: I see. Means no karmic propensities left? Nice display pic.

Thusness: You can see it? So you know what Longchen means by deconstruction of perception... there is no sound, sight... etc. Then it is the clarity of that Isness... and the factors preventing that clarity of Isness as I have mentioned to jonls.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Means the dropping must be thorough as a background, body then later propensities. We are so used to perceptions and thinking. So we must get used to effortless clarity that is Isness itself and experience the concreteness as 'forms'.

AEN: I see. By the way, Longchen said meditation can sometimes be a hindrance at later stages because of a sense of wilfulness to meditate. So now his meditation is spontaneous and without will.

Thusness: Yes, this is very true. :)

AEN: He meditates whenever there is an opportunity to meditate.. like just now there was an overhead bridge with a nice expansive scenery.. it's quite long and he said he often does walking meditation there and can get very deep 'deconstructed' states. Though he still sits down and meditates.

Thusness: That is very good. :) Means he is experiencing without a background as Oneness... It must be thoroughly clear. Like what Toni Packer said. Meditation is the oneness clarity... when one's non-dual is up to a certain stage. Always oneness clarity... till the background is completely gone... just only the obviousness. There are differing degrees... of clarity.

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Then opening eyes and walking, every moment is meditation. It is insight meditation. :) When the deconstruction is gone, sight, sound, touch.... how can there be a body? If there is no body, how can there be an inner and outer? So that is why I told you I am always in no body. Not as a stage but as a form of realisation as an insight.

AEN: I see. Longchen also no body?

Thusness: Like what your lzls said... but it is not a form of meditation but insight that has sunk deep into our consciousness. Should be... And has to be up to this. Then the background and body is dropped like Dogen said. Then again like what Dogen said he realised that he has come to see clearly that mountains, sky, rivers and birds are really mind. :) But this mind and awareness is one. :)

AEN: I see.

Thusness: Let's say you have experienced anatta, no-self, you become transparent, that is mirror bright wisdom.... the experience of non-duality. Now actually when you have fear, the wisdom of great equality will not arise no matter how you bluff. :P How one bluffs. So an experience of being stunted back will also mean that the wisdom of equality will not be there.

AEN: I see. What do you mean by how you bluff? I see. But 'stunting' is used in zen and dzogchen right? Like shouting, etc.

Thusness: Don't mix zen... I don't know :P I am talking about that particular experience that is real and can be experienced.

AEN: By the way fear has to do with attachment to the body? I see. You hold on ah. You heard the shouting phat practise? This is a dzogchen pith instruction but someone on the internet:
Three words strike the essential meaning.
First, keep your mind relaxed,
Not scattered, not concentrated and without divisive thoughts.
Resting in this state of even minded relaxation,
Utter a sudden mind shattering PHAT,
Forceful, vigorous and abrupt.
E MA HO! How marvellous!...
Nothing at all!... Astonishment and wonderment!...
In this state of wonderment, all penetrating mental freedom,
An all encompassing mental freedom that is inexpressible,
Recognise this awareness, the dimension of absolute reality.
Identifying the primacy of the nature of mind is the first essential point.

AEN: Hmm those texts also talk about self liberation.
Like a drawing on water,
There is uninterrupted self arising and self liberation:
Whatever arises is sustenance for naked awareness emptiness,
All fluctuation the creativity of the sovereign dimension of the absolutely real,
Spontaneously self purified and leaving no trace A LA LA!
The mode of arising is the same as before.

AEN: *somehow on the internet

Thusness: Wow... not bad...

AEN: I see. But what about the stunting? http://www.jungcircle.com/mist/buddhism.htm

Thusness: Don't think too much... that is why I don't want to tell you. I got to go now. :)

AEN: Okay good night.

Thusness: Night.

AEN: Continued from the last part:
But there is an immense and crucial difference in the mode of liberation,
And without it meditation is a path of delusion.
Possessing it is the state of the dimension of absolute reality beyond meditation:
Confidence in (simultaneous arising and) liberation is the third essential point.

AEN: Wah so many articles on self liberation. What is more, if practice lacks the essential method of the liberation (of thoughts) on (their) arising, since all the many discursive thoughts arising from the ongoing subconscious current of mental events become mixed with the karma of cyclic existence, whatever thoughts are generated, be they subtle or gross, it is essential that one watch their (simultaneous) arising and liberation so that not a trace is left. Thus, ... And of all adventitious thoughts without exception,...

----

Jacobo Grinberg

Kyle Dixon shared:

Jacobo Grinberg is the Mexican scientist who found the link between Science and the Paranormal:

He assured that it was necessary to accept reality as a miracle, as a creation that is part of consciousness, sanctify the everyday and observe how everything is filled with love.

Viridiana Herrera | The Sun of Toluca
The neuroscientist Jacobo Grinberg recovered the essence of Mexican mysticism from the sharp and critical view of science, risking his career and his credibility. He started from the need to unmask charlatans through scientific rigor and little by little he found a red thread that, far from disproving these paranormal phenomena, reaffirmed them through possible connections between them and the brain.

The renowned scientist began his curiosity to explore the human brain at the age of 12, after the death of his mother due to a stroke. From that moment and coupled with his extraordinary intellectual capacity that has been compared even to that of Einstein, his journey reached a point of no return.

After studying Psychology at UNAM, Psychophysiology at the Brain Research Institute and obtaining a doctorate focused on the electrophysiological effects of geometric stimuli in the human brain, the distinguished doctor founded INPEC (National Institute for the Study of Consciousness) and He set up a laboratory at the Anáhuac University that would later be taken to the UNAM with the help of CONACYT, where he carried out most of his research and experiments.
With the passage of time, his investigations took on an increasingly inclined course towards events that, until then, science classified as simple quackery or superstitions typical of the need to believe in something that goes beyond the material world.
As an example of the above, in each of his vast investigations, terms such as: telepathy, extraocular vision, shamanism, hologram, witchcraft and self-alusive meditation emerged.

Shamanism and science

Without a doubt, one of the events that most strongly marked the point of analysis of Jacobo Grinberg was the study of shamanism and his experience spending a few years with one of the most recognized "specialists on the subject" in Mexico: the shaman Bárbara Guerrero, better known as Pachita. A woman who was born in Chihuahua and who participated in the Mexican revolution, moving from one place to another and performing various jobs; but, it was not until her arrival in the State of Mexico that Pachita acquired great fame due to her unorthodox healing methods.

During this time, the doctor had already unmasked some supposed shamans who, through various farces, defrauded many people, however, upon arriving unannounced at Pachita's house, he himself told his friends that he was received by a deep voice that from the back of the house exclaimed: "Jacobo, hurry up. Why are you coming so late? I was waiting for you." From that moment on, Jacobo Grinberg witnessed countless surgeries and medical procedures that seemed physically impossible.

Pachita asked her patients for bandages, a sheet and alcohol; She performed the surgeries in her house and used only a hunting knife with which she opened the body of the patients to later extract damaged organs with her hands. She materialized a new organ and deposited it to replace the previous one. Pachita called this “Contributions”.

Later she passed his hand over the wound and it was closed again, without any mark. In other cases, Pachita had the ability to perform transfusions with blood that flowed from her mouth.

In his book Shamans of Mexico, Jacobo recounts his experiences with Pachita and the way in which she lost consciousness of the present while performing surgeries or cures. In fact, when he read her the book she had written about her work, she was completely amazed as she didn't know what was really going on.
She justified this by saying that the spirit of Cuauhtémoc possessed her, she even called him Brother and attributed the authorship of each healing feat to him. For Grinberg, this had a much deeper explanation: By connecting consciousness to the informational matrix, high energetic vibrations allow significant modifications of reality to emerge. For this reason, Pachita even changed her personality, since the point of connection with the hologram acquired a purer character in which the conventions of acting are stripped of social influence, just as with meditation.

Some other modifications in reality consisted of altering the weather at will, even eradicating a drought in a town and making it rain until the surrounding rivers overflowed. All under the gaze of Dr. Grinberg.

Despite the complexity of this type of work, Pachita never charged for her cures and remained highly selective about the people who could study and analyze her work. Numerous writers, politicians and scientists came to witness the works of the shaman, or request her help. Even the renowned author of Psychomagic, Alejandro Jodorowsky was her patient.
From this coexistence with the shaman, Dr. Grinberg developed his Syntergic theory, which could explain the prodigies of Pachita and other shamans with scientific foundations.

The Syntergic theory: Do we live in a hologram?

The Syntergic theory reaffirms and challenges quantum physics at the same time because, based on a reinterpretation of what is known in physics as Lattice , Dr. Grinberg raises the possibility that, through consciousness, the human brain can being able to have control over the universe in which we live.

The Lattice, in the field of physics, is the structure in which space-time is found. For Jacobo, this proposal acquires a new meaning and it is then that he postulates the term Syntergy, which is nothing more than the neologism between synthesis and energy.

His theory proposes that, from the process that the human brain performs to decode perceptual reality, it is possible to establish links with the Lattice , and with it, make changes in space-time.
He postulates that we live in an informational matrix which he calls "the hologram", in which there is the possibility of interacting with perceptual reality not only as a spectator, but as an active participant in the construction of said reality.

He explained that, if a person has a highly syntergic neuronal field, that is, a brain in which the coherence links are greater, he or she will have the ability to modify the hologram at will, thus achieving feats that defy the laws up to now known from physics, just as Pachita did in her shamanic surgeries.

This opens the doors to the investigation of other phenomena, such as telepathy. Grinberg carried out various experiments in which, through meditation, he managed to demonstrate synchrony between two brains exposed to different stimuli that finally produced similar results.

This theory has crosses with some of the fundamental approaches of postulates such as the law of attraction, the influence of thought on reality, linguistic relativity, among others.

The most enigmatic point of this theory indicates that, if through consciousness we are able to influence the informational matrix, and that, if everything is connected from the energetic interaction of both atoms and thoughts, then there is the possibility of that we inhabit a plane that is not the total reality, that is, in a Matrix into which we have been thrown with a brain capable of understanding the operation of its physical laws, but not its origin.

With this, the idea of an awakening also arises, of taking consciousness further and dominating the hologram. Under this premise, by fully understanding the operation of the matrix, we would simply disappear and reach a state of purity within the true reality.

This could not be verified and, like his studies on extraocular vision in children or telepathy, his projects remained unfinished after he disappeared at the most momentous point of his prodigious career.

A mysterious disappearance?

On December 8, 1994, Dr. Jacobo Grinberg disappeared without leaving any clues that could help locate him. His absence has given rise to innumerable speculations; from a crime of passion or an alien abduction, to situations linked to the CIA, NASA or anyone who could be extremely interested in what he was developing and discovering in his laboratory.

The first inquiries focused on finding out from the people closest to him the reasons why he stopped attending his laboratory without prior notice. Who was his wife at the time argued that he had gone out on one of his many impromptu trips. Thus, during the first period of his absence, there was no major stir. Until his wife also disappeared. Therefore, it has been speculated that she, who also practiced shamanism, was a participant in her disappearance.

This situation has covered more headlines than Dr.'s own research, leaving aside his extensive bibliographic production, to make way for conspiracy theories and morbidity. In the voice of his half brother, the renowned actor Ari Telch, the case of his disappearance is closed by the authorities.

https://www.elsoldetoluca.com.mx/doble-via/jacobo-grinberg-el-cientifico-mexicano-que-hallo-el-vinculo-entre-la-ciencia-y-lo-paranormal-7412119.html (translated from Spanish)


John Tan, 2006: "Life is like a passing cloud, when it comes to an end, a hundred years is like yesterday, like a snap of a finger. If it is only about one life, it really doesn’t matter whether we are enlightened. The insight that the Blessed One has is not just about one life; countless lives we suffered, life after life, unending…Such is suffering.

It is not about logic or science and there is really no point arguing in this scientific age. Take steps in practice and experience the truth of Buddha’s words. Of the 3 dharma seals, the truth of ‘suffering’ to me is most difficult to experience in depth.

May all take Buddha’s words seriously."

Buddha's recollection of past lives:

excerpt from https://suttacentral.net/mn36/en/bodhi?lang=en&reference=none&highlight=false

“With the stilling of applied and sustained thought, I entered upon and abided in the second jhāna…With the fading away as well of rapture…I entered upon and abided in the third jhāna…With the abandoning of pleasure and pain…I entered upon and abided in the fourth jhāna…But such pleasant feeling that arose in me did not invade my mind and remain.

“When my concentrated mind was thus purified, bright, unblemished, rid of imperfection, malleable, wieldy, steady, and attained to imperturbability, I directed it to knowledge of the recollection of past lives. I recollected my manifold past lives, that is, one birth, two births…as Sutta 4, §27…Thus with their aspects and particulars I recollected my manifold past lives.

“This was the first true knowledge attained by me in the first watch of the night. Ignorance was banished and true knowledge arose, darkness was banished and light arose, as happens in one who abides diligent, ardent, and resolute. But such pleasant feeling that arose in me did not invade my mind and remain.

“When my concentrated mind was thus purified, bright, unblemished, rid of imperfection, malleable, wieldy, steady, and attained to imperturbability, I directed it to knowledge of the passing away and reappearance of beings…as Sutta 4, §29… Thus with the divine eye, which is purified and surpasses the human, I saw beings passing away and reappearing, inferior and superior, fair and ugly, fortunate and unfortunate, and I understood how beings pass on according to their actions.

“This was the second true knowledge attained by me in the middle watch of the night. Ignorance was banished and true knowledge arose, darkness was banished and light arose, as happens in one who abides diligent, ardent, and resolute. But such pleasant feeling that arose in me did not invade my mind and remain.

“When my concentrated mind was thus purified, bright, unblemished, rid of imperfection, malleable, wieldy, steady, and attained to imperturbability, I directed it to knowledge of the destruction of the taints. I directly knew as it actually is: ‘This is suffering’;…‘This is the origin of suffering’;…‘This is the cessation of suffering’;…‘This is the way leading to the cessation of suffering’;…‘These are the taints’;…‘This is the origin of the taints’;…‘This is the cessation of the taints’;…‘This is the way leading to the cessation of the taints.’

“When I knew and saw thus, my mind was liberated from the taint of sensual desire, from the taint of being, and from the taint of ignorance. When it was liberated there came the knowledge: ‘It is liberated.’ I directly knew: ‘Birth is destroyed, the holy life has been lived, what had to be done has been done, there is no more coming to any state of being.’

“This was the third true knowledge attained by me in the last watch of the night. Ignorance was banished and true knowledge arose, darkness was banished and light arose, as happens in one who abides diligent, ardent, and resolute. But such pleasant feeling that arose in me did not invade my mind and remain."

Reddit Discussion and Video: Hiker Lost in the Himalayas Found with Help from a Clairvoyant Buddhist Lama

Also see this Reddit discussion shared by Kyle Dixon [krodha], together with the related YouTube video: https://www.reddit.com/r/Buddhism/comments/1ra5ckb/interesting_story_of_a_hiker_lost_for_weeks_in/?share_id=oSYZFK6IbIWf9Wk0U4HEx

Video: Man Lost in the Himalayas Tells Horrifying Story

Reddit discussion from r/Buddhism

krodha: Interesting Story of a Hiker Lost for Weeks in the Himalayas who was Found Thanks to Help From a Clairvoyant Buddhist Lama https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pY-df1FnAWA

krodha (OP, edited): Ended up in my algorithm randomly. I watch mountain climbing videos sometimes even though you couldn’t pay me to climb a mountain. Watched this video for the sheer mountaineering aspect of it but this buddhist part caught me off guard. Thought others might find some entertainment value if anything. Happy Friday, everyone.

Synopsis: In December of 1991, a man set off into the Himalayas, on what was supposed to be a week-long hike. When the week was up, the man was still missing, and what he would go on to endure in the next few weeks would be one of the most prolonged and gruelling ordeals in the history of the region.

Proud_Professional93 (Chinese Pure Land): I saw this video last year! Was quite shocked when I heard the ending, because that channel very infrequently covers anything that would be considered "extraordinary". Was really inspiring to hear though!

Evidence for the Afterlife

See: https://sites.google.com/site/chs4o8pt/summary_of_evidence

For all those skeptics/materialists out there who think siddhis are woo woo, superstitions, etc, the CIA takes it seriously and has very interesting findings and research: https://www.vice.com/en/article/7k9qag/how-to-escape-the-confines-of-time-and-space-according-to-the-cia

Chi Kung Master Burns Paper With His Hand - John Chang

Reddit: Chi Energy Documentary / Proof of Chi
u/tool-94: Holy shit, I have heard of this before but never thought anyone has got it on film. It’s very rare to be allowed to film this stuff, so naturally I was always skeptical.
[deleted]: Go read The Holographic Universe for a lot more examples of this kind of stuff.
u/tool-94: By Michael Talbot, I have read it a few times. One of my favourite books actually.
https://www.reddit.com/r/HighStrangeness/comments/k87iec/chi_energy_documentary_proof_of_chi/

The Boy With Divine Power - Documentary (Discovery Channel Documentary)


Continuation of Facebook Discussion Thread

Soh Wei Yu: Actually people you met do also have past life connections and causes. Like Sim Pern Chong, the guy I mentioned above, he can recall exactly why he met his wife this life... actually in a past life he was a scientist who operated on his current wife, he was forced by the Japanese government to do cruel tests on subjects. This guilt led him into Tibetan Buddhism and spirituality the next life and he realised the I AM in that life, and from that life he formed a connection with Dzogchen teachings which also manifested in this life his interest in Dzogchen even before he became a Buddhist. In his previous immediate life he was living in France and could relive with his whole body the whole scene of fighting in WW1 trenches, which was really traumatising. But remembering it somehow helped him release some karmic patterns and traumas this life including a fear of military.

So those intuitive people, they can sense karmic patterns and sense these connections and conditions. In the life in France he also realised I AM and was involved in western mysticism, which also is why he was involved in Rosicrucian and western mysticism before his encountering of John Tan.

Update: Sim Pern Chong wrote, "I had a vivid memory of a scene as a soldier running across a mud field while its being bombarded. The cold of the European dawn and the panting of running with a rifle being held by my right arm... I can still remember. I wore a uniform and carry a rifle similar to the French infantry as shown in this video clip... which also summed up the insanity of war. https://youtu.be/8zcL0PuvYWo. From lifetimes to lifetimes, I find a recurring theme of certain human existence .. that is that of 'living live without the freedom of choice'。。 '人在江湖 身不由己'."

"Guilt led him into tibetan buddhism" he was a tibetan monk in that lifetime and could remember meditating overlooking vast expanse in mountains.

Adam Holt: So you mean to say that past lives is actually a "valid mode of arising" conventionally. Right?

Soh Wei Yu: Yes.. also Sim Pern Chong had many very interesting accounts. He could remember in details his past lives and how his wife, his daughter and his experiences in this life were all linked to specific karmic causes and relations in previous life and how they were related in previous life and why they meet again etc.

Adam Holt: Is this not same as past life regression therapy?

Soh Wei Yu: Not the same. There are two types, there is past life regression therapy that leads to trance like hypnotic states. That is also one way of retrieving past life memories. But for Sim Pern Chong, his is also by way of entering samadhi and jhana, and when recalled through this way the memories were hyper vivid and real through whole body remembering, as if he was reliving the event.

Adam Holt: Brain Weiss stuff?

Soh Wei Yu: Or as John Tan also said about another practitioner in 2006:

18 FEBRUARY 2006

ZeN`n1th: Hi did you see the meditation post?

^john^: Just read through. :) She is not experiencing it correctly and because the foundation is still not strong enough, she will face problem later.

ZeN`n1th: I see what she experienced. Jhanas is it?

^john^: It is a sort of absorption. But it is not like longchen [Sim Pern Chong] that profound.

ZeN`n1th: I see... absorption = jhana? What you mean by absorption?

^john^: And with her current stage, it is not advisable to know about reincarnation and past life regression. Yeah.

ZeN`n1th: She wanted to know ? By the way why not advisable to know about reincarnation?

^john^: But that is my advise, some people are more attached to mystical experiences. :)

ZeN`n1th: Hmm but longchen [Sim Pern Chong]'s experience is not jhana right? I see...

^john^: Because she will not be able to cope and understand the full meaning when she recall. :) When one reaches a stage of absorption, at that moment, as described in the text she posted, he will be able to recall. The entire body will recall, not just the mind. :) Memories is not just in the mind. :P Anyway not to indulge into such thing first, it will not be fruitful for practice. 🙂

Soh Wei Yu: Also taking this chance to share something John Tan said recently about Buddhahood although not very related to this topic: "If there is alternation between +A and -A, that is arya along the path. If there is no alternation, that is buddhahood. That is just my opinion." I did not share the whole paragraph in full because he told me to avoid doing so, as he does not want to give any impression of sounding superior.

Soh Wei Yu: Here's another excerpt by Dakpo Tashi Namgyal, in Clarifying the Natural State: "During these three stages of One Taste, for the most part, keep to secluded places. From time to time, participate in group gatherings and you will progress. Even though you think that it makes no difference whether or not you meditate, it is essential to keep to seclusion and train in the true mindful presence. Even though you have attained the realization of greater One Taste, if you fail to have some degree of clairvoyance and receive signs from the dakinis, you must be tainted by damaged samayas. Therefore, make, for instance, a thousand tsa-tsas or the like, and offer a flower to each of them. Make the request, "May my defilement utterly subside!" Perform the dharani-ritual for purifying defilement, as well as any other suitable virtuous practice. If you get involved in pleasure or displeasure when signs occur, you are influenced by Mara. Consider that being benefited or harmed, assisted or hurt by Mara, and so forth, are all your own mind and that this mind is limitless and centerless, like space."

Adam Holt: Do you accept everything that is said about the tathataga in this Sutta? Maha-sihanada Sutta: The Great Discourse on the Lion's Roar. Do you think that the focus within AtR leads to this fully? Or is AtR more of a sravaka system?

Nafis Rahman: Although there aren’t any Buddhas/Arhats in this group, John Tan has always aimed for Buddhahood since the very beginning. This is a basic classification:

  • Anatta realization/ATR Stage 5 = Sutta Stream-Entry
  • Anatta Actualization/Freedom from 10 Fetters = Arhatship
  • Actualization of Twofold Emptiness + Omniscience + Freedom from Cognitive Obscurations (in addition to emotional obscurations attained upon Arhatship) = Buddhahood

“[To attain Buddhahood], you must free [yourself] from 2 obscurations and 4 mara.” - John Tan, 2020

*Rigpa Wiki: Two obscurations (Tib. སྒྲིབ་པ་གཉིས་, dribpa nyi) — emotional and cognitive obscurations.
● Emotional obscurations are defined according to their essence, cause and function. In essence, they are the opposite of the six paramitas, as described in the Gyü Lama: "Thoughts such as avarice and so on, These are the emotional obscurations." Their cause is grasping at a personal ego, or the “self of the individual”. They function to prevent liberation from samsara.
● Cognitive obscurations are also defined according to their essence, cause and function. In essence, they are thoughts that involve the three conceptual ‘spheres’ of subject, object and action. The Gyü Lama says: "Thoughts that involve the three spheres, These are the cognitive obscurations." Their cause is grasping at phenomena as truly existent, or, in other words, the “self of phenomena”. Their function is to prevent complete enlightenment.

On the four maras, “According to Sutrayana:
1. the mara of the aggregates (Skt. skandhamāra), which symbolizes our clinging to forms, perceptions, and mental states as ‘real’;
2. the mara of the destructive emotions (Skt. kleśamāra), which symbolizes our addiction to habitual patterns of negative emotion;
3. the mara of the Lord of Death (Skt. mṛtyumāra), which symbolizes both death itself, which cuts short our precious human birth, and also our fear of change, impermanence, and death; and
4. the mara of the sons of the gods (Skt. devaputramāra), which symbolizes our craving for pleasure, convenience, and ‘peace’.

Soh Wei Yu: In addition to what Nafis said which is correct - Regarding powers like recalling past lives and so on, that depends on individuals practice. There are at least 4 persons in AtR that realised anatta who developed past life recollections in their practice. But not all. However, with the development of samadhi, these are quite common. Having these powers however are not an indication of awakening.

In Buddhism, everything, including omniscience and siddhis, have their causes and conditions, as Malcolm said before. For example the development of samadhi is a primary cause. So it would be magical thinking if one thinks that having insight alone will magically produce siddhis. As Malcolm said, Buddhism is a "Buddhadharma [and Jaindharma] in this respect is also a species of metaphysical naturalism — in Buddhadharma there is no mystery precisely because "whatever exists or happens is natural" and there does not exist nor could exist "any entities which lie, in principle, beyond the scope of Dharma explanation." In other religions however [sans philosophical Taoism and Confucism], there is a profound mystery, God, through whose agency all things are created." https://www.awakeningtoreality.com/.../on-supernatural... Therefore the so called 'magical' powers are in fact not exactly magical but causally arisen.

For example Susima Sutta gave examples of great numbers of arahats who had zero siddhis: https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/SN/SN12_70.html Also, even in Mahayana and Vajrayana paths, these powers may not manifest immediately for those who follow direct path towards insight*.

Likewise, Acarya Malcolm told me a decade+ ago:

xabir wrote: I was wondering then is Shakyamuni Buddha a "complete" or "inferior" Buddha, and if he attained complete Buddhahood does that mean he too practiced Dzogchen or Mahamudra or something similar, or did he truly walk the three aeons Mahayana way to Buddhahood? Also, I have heard lamas who say those who attain Buddhahood in one life (through Dzogchen, Mahamudra, etc) will not manifest all powers, omniscience, etc within their present life but will do so after death. What is your opinion?

Malcolm: The Buddha was an emanation of compassion, so not inferior. As to your second question, yes, such people do not necessarily manifest all qualities of realization in this life, but do so after death.

Soh Wei Yu: *As John Tan also said before, "ATR insight is seeing through self nature except the praxis as in way of practice is direct approach via vipassana -- special insight. The seeing through of self as a background is not through analysis. When that is seen through, one becomes effortlessly non-dual in experience as there is no subject to "dual". Both essencelessness and non-dual dawn in a single leap but that doesn't mean one has thoroughly eradicated proliferation. Hence mmk helps to do that. So it is not about doing away with conceptualities but a special insight that sees through self nature."

AtR direct path into anatta and its approach is similar to what the famous Mahamudra teacher Thrangu Rinpoche said about the Vajrayana approach:

Thrangu Rinpoche on Nature of Mind: In the Vajrayana there is the direct path to examining mind. In everyday life we are habituated to thinking, "I have a mind and I perceive these things." Ordinarily, we do not directly look at the mind and therefore do not see the mind. This is very strange because we see things and we know that we are seeing visual phenomena. But who is seeing? We can look directly at the mind and find that there is no one seeing; there is no seer, and yet we are seeing phenomena. The same is true for the mental consciousness. We think various thoughts, but where is that thinking taking place? Who or what is thinking? However, when we look directly at the mind, we discover that there is nobody there; there is no thinker and yet thinking is going on. This approach of directly looking in a state of meditation isn't one of reasoning, but of directly looking at the mind to see what is there.
Source: Shentong and Rangtong

...If we look for a perceiver, we won’t find one. We do think, but if we look into the thinker, trying to find that which thinks, we do not find it. Yet, at the same time, we do see and we do think. The reality is that seeing occurs without a seer and thinking without a thinker. This is just how it is; this is the nature of the mind. The Heart Sutra sums this up by saying that “form is emptiness,” because whatever we look at is, by nature, devoid of true existence. At the same time, emptiness is also form, because the form only occurs as emptiness. Emptiness is no other than form and form is no other than emptiness. This may appear to apply only to other things, but when applied to the mind, the perceiver, one can also see that the perceiver is emptiness and emptiness is also the perceiver. Mind is no other than emptiness; emptiness is no other than mind. This is not just a concept; it is our basic state.

The reality of our mind may seem very deep and difficult to understand, but it may also be something very simple and easy because this mind is not somewhere else. It is not somebody else’s mind. It is your own mind. It is right here; therefore, it is something that you can know. When you look into it, you can see that not only is mind empty, it also knows; it is cognizant. All the Buddhist scriptures, their commentaries and the songs of realization by the great siddhas express this as the “indivisible unity of emptiness and cognizance,” or “undivided empty perceiving,” or “unity of empty cognizance.” No matter how it is described, this is how our basic nature really is. It is not our making. It is not the result of practice. It is simply the way it has always been.
Source: Crystal Clear

Soh Wei Yu: In Moonlight of Mahamudra by Dakpo Tashi Namgyal (all texts by Dakpo Tashi including Clarifying the Natural State are highly recommended, by myself, John Tan, even other teachers like Daniel Ingram, and Malcolm who are not Mahamudra practitioners), it states:

"Even among the Arahats There are two kinds: Adorned and unadorned ones. Even among Bodhisattvas There are two kinds: Renowned and unrenowned ones. Even in the mystic tradition There are two kinds of mystics: The ones practicing secretly and the ones doing it amidst an assembly. With regard to those who have attained realization There are two kinds: Those who can describe [knowledge] and those who can demonstrate [it]. Regarding those who have attained the grounds and paths There are two kinds: Those who have understood the grounds and paths And those who have achieved them. As for the great meditators who have knowledge of the grounds and paths And those who have realized [can demonstrate] them, Some have fully achieved great powers of psychophysical transformation While others have failed to attain them and others have achieved mixed abilities. Some of them fulfill the needs of sentient beings, While others fail to fulfill them. This is due to the greater or lesser intensity of their practices. I shall now sum up these sayings. The great qualities associated with the grounds and the paths, according to the treatises of the vehicle of dialectics, are revealed skillfully out of some higher motivation. The paths [of the four yogas] are not the same as these. Even the inner signs of realization on these paths are different. Just as there existed adorned and unadorned Arahats and renowned and unrenowned Bodhisattvas, there are different types of great meditators, some possessing the sublime power of transformation and others lacking this power, due mainly to the difference in the quality of their practices. It has been said that in order to achieve the sublime power of transformation and other great qualities, one must strive hard on the path of the transient world and the higher path of mantrayana."

Soh Wei Yu: Regarding the Chi demonstration, Chi demonstrations are very common in Asian countries. My own family has experienced the 'electric shock' currents from Chi masters, they were public demonstrations. How it works is the moment he puts his hand on someone, and the people behind them all chained up by putting their hands on the shoulders of each one in front. When he 'passes Chi', all felt the electric current shocks. Although the burning paper with hand we've not seen yet. Also, this is Sim Pern Chong's father, he's the teacher of one of our past foreign minister, this one is Tai Chi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPAmScOHCYQ

Ajahn Brahmavamso: Buddhism and Science

https://www.dhammatalks.net/Books3/Ajahn_Brahm_Buddhism_and_Science.htm

If you had just one person who had been confirmed as medically dead who could describe to the doctors, as soon as they were revived, what had been said, and done during that period of death, wouldn't that be pretty convincing? When I was doing elementary particle physics there was a theory that required for its proof the existence of what was called the 'W' particle. At the cyclotron in Geneva, CERN funded a huge research project, smashing atoms together with an enormous particle accelerator, to try and find one of these 'W' particles. They spent literally hundreds of millions of pounds on this project. They found one, just one 'W' particle. I don't think they have found another since. But once they found one 'W' particle, the researchers involved in that project were given Nobel prizes for physics. They had proved the theory by just finding the one 'W' particle. That's good science. Just one is enough to prove the theory.

When it comes to things we don't like to believe, they call just one experience, one clear factual undeniable experience, an anomaly. Anomaly is a word in science for disconcerting evidence that we can put in the back of a filing cabinet and not look at again, because it's threatens our world view. It undermines what we want to believe. It is threatening to our dogma. However, an essential part of the scientific method is that theories have to be abandoned in favour of the evidence, in respect of the facts. The point is that the evidence for a mind independent of the brain is there. But once we admit that evidence, and follow the scientific method, then many cherished theories, what we call 'sacred cows' will have to be abandoned.

...If you want to look at the scientific evidence for rebirth, check out Professor Ian Stevenson. He spent his whole life researching rebirth on a solid scientific basis at the University of Virginia. Chester Carlson, the inventor of xerography, (encouraged by his wife) offered funds for an endowed chair at the University to enabled Professor Stevenson to devote himself full-time to such research. If it weren't for the fact that people do not want to believe in rebirth, Dr. Ian Stevenson would be a world famous scientist now. He even spent a couple of years as a visiting fellow of Magdalene College in Oxford, so you can see that this is not just some weird professor; he has all of the credentials of a respected Western academic.

Dr. Stevenson has over 3000 cases on his files. One interesting example was the very clear case of a man who remembered many details from his past life, with no way of gaining that information from any other source. That person died only a few weeks before he was reborn! Which raises the question, for all those months that the foetus was in the womb, who was it? As far as Buddhism is concerned, the mother kept that foetus going with her own stream of consciousness. But when another stream of consciousness entered, then the foetus became the new person. That is one case where the stream of consciousness entered the mother's womb when the foetus was almost fully developed. That can happen. That was understood by Buddhism twenty five centuries ago. If the stream of consciousness doesn't enter the mother's womb, the child is a stillborn. There is a heap of evidence supporting that.

-------

12 MAY 2015

John Tan: Go read Dr. Sam Parnia. He is very good like Ian Stevenson... a doctor, cardiologists unlike a psychiatrist... that deals with death everyday... Dealing with cardiac arrest and pronounced clinically dead... and a respected person in his field. Instead of Sam Harris.

Soh Wei Yu: Am going to get Ian Stevenson's book.

John Tan: Just like when you do research on past life experiences documented by Ian Stevenson and his assistant... Read his assistant's account... his assistant dead if I'm not wrong just to get some real account. Not those kind of bullshit. OBE and NDE are not those seeing light tunnels... Feeling peaceful... or passing electricity to the pineal gland region to induce certain experience... I'm interested in those accounts that Dr. Sam Parnia is talking about. Where blood stops... brain activities stop... there is no possibility of any registering of memories or any sensory function because it is clinically impossible because he is a cardiologist and dealing with how to get people back to life... He needs to know all sorts of signs there and then... We are talking about life and death trying to resuscitate life in the emergency room... Not as an academician talking about this and that as a story.

Soh Wei Yu: I see... Sam Harris said about Ian Stevenson's: "Either he is a victim of truly elaborate fraud, or something interesting is going on," Harris says. "Most scientists would say this doesn't happen. Most would say that if it does happen, it's a case of fraud. ... It's hard to see why anyone would be perpetrating a fraud -- everyone was made miserable by this [xenoglossy] phenomenon." Pressed, he admits that some of the details might after all be "fishy."

John Tan: Meaning?

Soh Wei Yu: I think he thinks Ian Stevenson's study might convincingly suggest reincarnation but still has his doubts.

John Tan: There will always be doubt because he is a sceptic... And Ian Stevenson's books are scientific studies, not science. He is a scientist but understands that science cannot prove anything like that besides verification.

Soh Wei Yu: I see...

John Tan: How is one to prove past life except by verification? Unlike OBE experiences, where medical definition of "death" is clear and people start resuscitating people back to life... Hearing true experts in the field is important.

Soh Wei Yu: I see... I guess the problem with OBE is they may cast doubt whether the OBE happened moments before or after the medical death. But I don't see how they can explain things like witnessing medical procedures accurately in OBE.

John Tan: Not what you to think. Go listen to Sam Parnia in YouTube. There are some that I like.

Soh Wei Yu: I see... ok.

John Tan: There are only 3 ways, one is a respected expert and one you, by religious faith and lastly practice experience yourself. Sceptical is as bullshitting as taking by faith to me. My approach is neither.

Soh Wei Yu: I see...

John Tan: Practice and listening to respected experts. I also like Dr. Peter Fenwick. There is another one Dr. Pim Van Lommel.

Soh Wei Yu: I see... will look into them.

My opinion on Shurangama Sutra

My opinion only. Feel free to refute me if you believe Shurangama Sutra does not preach a substantialist view. I'm all ears.


2018:

Soh Wei Yu: Actually I suspect Shurangama Sutra (which experts say is a Chinese invention, and I don't think its found in Tibetan canon) is really only I AM and One Mind. Which is why many Chinese masters including the one I just visited that came to Singapore got stuck.. he was using Shurangama Sutra to explain I AM as the host. But I need to read more. Shurangama Sutra, "All beings need to understand that whatever moves is like the dust and, like a visitor, does not remain. Just now you saw that it was Ananda's head that moved, while his visual awareness did not move. It was my hand that opened and closed, while his awareness did not open or close." The whole host and dust that all those masters are talking about including Jax comes from Shurangama Sutra teachings.. it just reaffirms their substantialist views. Shurangama Sutra, "Your Majesty, your face is wrinkled, but the essential nature of your visual awareness itself has not wrinkled. What wrinkles is subject to change. What does not wrinkle does not change. What changes will perish. But what does not change neither comes into being nor perishes. Then how could it be affected by your being born and dying? So you have no need to be concerned with what such people as Maskari Gosaliputra say: that when this body dies, you cease to exist." "Clearly then, the mind that experiences these conditioned phenomena is not what is fundamentally you. But what is not these conditioned phenomena must be what is fundamentally you. If it is not you, what else could it be?" "And since you cannot see my awareness when you and I are looking at different things, clearly my visual awareness cannot be an object. Therefore, how could your own visual awareness not be what is fundamentally you?"

Soh Wei Yu: "Since beings have allowed their attention to be drawn to the sights and sounds and have allowed themselves to be carried along in their streams of thought, as it has been since time without beginning, they have not yet awakened and do not yet understand the purity, the wondrousness, and the permanence of their own essential nature. Instead of attending to what is everlasting, they attend to what comes into being and perishes, and as a result, in life after life, they are mired in impurity and are bound to the cycle of birth and rebirth. But if they turn away from what comes into being and perishes and hold fast to what is true and everlasting, then the light of the everlasting will appear, and as a result the faculties, their objects, and the sense-consciousness will fade away and disappear." "We're capable of hearing sounds and silence both; They may be present to the ear or not. Though people say that when no sound is present, Our hearing must be absent too, in fact Our hearing does not lapse. It does not cease With silence; neither is it born of sound. Our hearing, then, is genuine and true. It is the everlasting one." "People say that hearing comes about because of sounds, Not on its own. If that's what you call 'hearing,' though, Then when you turn your hearing round and set it free from sounds, What name are you to give to that which is set free? Return just one of the perceiving faculties Back to its source, and all six faculties will then be free. For what we hear is mere illusion, like the objects of our vision - like what is seen by one whose eyes are covered by a film. The Threefold Realm is like those flowers in an empty sky, But turn the hearing inward, and the faculties are cured. Their objects vanish, and awareness is completely pure. In perfect purity, the brilliance of awareness shines Unhindered and in still illumination of all space, In contemplating worldly things as the events of dreams. The young Matanga woman was a figure in a dream. Just who was really there with power to entice you?"

Soh Wei Yu: The whole focus on Shurangama is really to realize True Self, revert back to the Source, and subsume all objects to be merely illusory displays of the Source. IMO no different from Advaita Vedanta or Upanishads. It's no surprise the majority of Chinese Mahayana is stuck at I AM and one mind. "All that you need to do is not allow your attention to be diverted by the twelve conditioned attributes of sound and silence, contact and separation, flavor and the absence of flavor, openness and blockage, coming into being and perishing, and light and darkness. Next, extricate one faculty by detaching it from its objects, and redirect that faculty inward so that it can return to what is original and true. Then it will radiate the light of the original understanding. This brilliant light will shine forth and extricate the other five faculties until they are completely free. If your six faculties are freed from the objects that they perceive so that the light of your understanding is not diverted into one or another of the faculties, then the light of your understanding will manifest through all the faculties so that all six of them will function interchangeably."

Soh Wei Yu: All moving objects are subsumed into the unmoving space of awareness - "Given that the fundamental natures of visual awareness, awareness of sounds, and cognitive awareness are all-pervasive and do not change, you should know that the real natures of what we may consider to be the six primary elements - our visual awareness; infinite, motionless space; and earth, water, fire, and wind, which are in motion - are completely interfused with one another. In their fundamental natures, all are within the Matrix of the Thus-Come One, neither coming into being nor ceasing to be." The description is no different from one mind: "All you good people! I have often said that all phenomena with physical form, all phenomena of mind, the conditions under which they arise, as well as the phenomena that interact with the mind and all other conditioned phenomena, are mere manifestations of true mind. Your bodies and your minds appear within the wondrous light of the true essence of that wondrous mind." "What you do not know is that the true, wondrous, luminously understanding mind contains the body and everything outside the body - mountains, rivers, sky, the entire world. You are like someone who fails to see a boundless ocean a hundred thousand miles across and is aware only of a single floating bubble." I flipped through the whole Shurangama Sutra. Quite convinced now it is only about I AM and one mind.


7 JUNE 2019

John Tan: Dogen view is very anatta and non-dual.

Soh Wei Yu: Yeah.. and He doubts Surangama like me.

John Tan: Surangama is not wrong. It is the over emphasis of 主 (Soh: host). Instead of understanding the relationship of host and guest as empty conventions. Dogen's expressions also prone to expressions of experience (more towards anatta no mind) but the clarity of "why" such view isn't valid isn't there. In other words, he is expressing experience is such as such and therefore he rejected object and subject duality...not even a hairline difference is allowed in that expression. But the "why" isn't clear. However once we understand the conventional relationships among entities and their empty nature, it becomes clear. In Surangama if I am not wrong, such relationships are explored, outlined but somehow the host is being over emphasized, that is the only issue. Is Surangama the 7 asking by Buddha where is mind?

Soh Wei Yu: You mean dependent designation? I think it is an affirmative negation. Like shentong. Not anatta or Madhyamika. Hmm but Greg Goode said even at his I Am phase he realized non locality, rather than emptiness. Means I think inherently existing mind that is not located anywhere. I think Shurangama is like that. This is not the same as no mind or anatta. It affirms an eternal unchanging mind that is not this and not that. And nondual. "Therefore, Ananda, you should know that when you see light, the seeing is not the light. When you see darkness, the seeing is not the darkness. When you see emptiness, the seeing is not the emptiness. When you see solid objects, the seeing is not the solid objects." Indistinguishable from advaita. Going through all the analysis in the end just to affirm awareness. Self inquiry is more direct IMO.

Soh Wei Yu: "Therefore, you should know that in fact the colors come from the lamp, and the diseased seeing brings about the reflection. Both the circular reflection and the faulty seeing are the result of the cataract. But that which sees the diseased film is not sick. Thus you should not say that it is the lamp or the seeing or that it is neither the lamp nor the seeing." "If you can leave far behind all conditions which mix and unite and those which do not mix and unite, then you can also extinguish and cast out the causes of birth and death, and obtain perfect Bodhi, the nature which is neither produced nor extinguished. It is the pure clear basic mind, the everlasting fundamental enlightenment." But the part about the five skandhas are Buddha nature is good but I think can be one mind sort of understanding, I don't know. I just saw an excerpt in Shurangama Sutra about whether light and seeing is different.. if seeing is different from light then there has to be a boundary.. but I think is more on nondual and seeing how all the skandhas are falsely imputed only.

John Tan: This is different. Means conventional reality and the power of conventions to alaya consciousness is not understood. Seeing self as truly existing but non-local is different.

Soh Wei Yu: [image omitted] [image omitted] [image omitted]

John Tan: Yes they over emphasized on the host. Means 闻性 the hearing nature is permanent. Instead of empty.

Soh Wei Yu: I see..

John Tan: Why when you look at what originates in dependence and even it is explained as such, it can be misunderstood as 实性 [real nature] instead of 空性 [empty nature]? By the way Dogen is good for you because Dogen's expressions and practice are to be about full engagement -- being time.


Update, February 2019

Lopon Malcolm wrote that the Chinese Shurangama Sutra is a "Chinese Pseudographia", "and these ten Xian realms do not exist in Indian Buddhist cosmology at all."

Had a conversation with Thusness:

15 FEBRUARY 2019

Soh Wei Yu: Malcolm just said Shurangama is a Chinese 伪经 (pseudipigrapha, falsely attributed works, texts whose claimed author is not the true author). As I thought. Because it sounds very advaita.

John Tan: Not exactly. How many is from Buddha's own mouth?

Soh Wei Yu: It says seeing is eternal, awareness doesn’t age but body ages.

John Tan: I know it emphasizes a lot on host and guest. I mean the issue of 伪经.

Soh Wei Yu: It is an invention of Chinese because it mentions Taoist immortals. It tries to integrate Chinese thought. I think it’s developed in China and there is no such sutra in tibetan Canon.

John Tan: In fact most Mahayana sutras have this flavor. It is just how it presents. So it is not an issue of Wei jin (Soh: apocryphal sutra). It is the wisdom in it (Soh: this issue is also discussed in Yogacara vs Madhyamaka, Authorship of Mahayana Sutras and Sūtra of Definitive Meaning vs Sūtra of Provisional Meaning).

Soh Wei Yu: If a sutra is not Wei Jing it should have a Sanskrit counterpart and a tibetan counterpart which is not the case for Shurangama. I see. Actually most Mahayana sutras lack mention of clarity aspect. Just purely emptiness.. I think.

John Tan: Nen yen jing (Soh: he later clarifies he was referring to Leng Jia Jing - Lankavatara Sutra, as mentioning clarity but he is 'not sure' [whether the sutra talks about it]). Emptiness is the nature of mind and phenomena.


Update by Soh, 25/11/2020:

The commentaries by Ven. Hui Lu 慧律法师 on Shurangama Sutra (and all other sutras) are very clear and good, due to his deep insights. Regardless of whether the original texts fall into the extremes, Ven. Hui Lu's explanations steer clear of the extremes (eternalism/nihilism/existence/non-existence/etc).

See: True Mind and Unconditioned Dharma


Update by Soh, 20/06/2021:

Just saw this post by Malcolm in 2020:

https://www.dharmawheel.net/viewtopic.php?f=39&t=33106

There is a claim that a Sanskrit manuscript of this text exists somewhere in China.

Li Xuezhu (李学竹) (2010). “Zhōng guó zàng xué — Zhōng guó fàn wén bèi yè gài kuàng” 中国藏学-中国梵文贝叶概况 [China Tibetan Studies — The State of Sanskrit Language Palm Leaf Manuscripts in China]. Baidu 文库. Vol. 1 №90 (in Chinese). pp. 55–56. Retrieved 2017–12–06. ‘河南南阳菩提寺原藏有1函梵文贝叶经,共226叶,其中残缺6叶,函上写有“印度古梵文”字样,据介绍,内容为 《楞严经》,很可能是唐代梵文经的孤本,字体为圆形,系印度南方文字一种,被国家定为一级文物,现存彭雪枫纪念馆。’(tr to English: Henan Nanyang Bodhi Temple originally had one Sanskrit language manuscript sutra, consisting in total 226 leaves, of which 6 were missing… according to the introduction, it contains the Śūraṅgama Sūtra and is most probably the only extant Sanskrit manuscript dating from the Tang Dynasty. The letters are roundish and belongs to a type used in South India and has been recognized by the country as a Category 1 cultural artifact. It is now located in the Peng Xuefeng Memorial Museum.

https://medium.com/tranquillitys-secret/the-endurance-of-lies-the-perfidy-of-slander-the-treason-of-translation-7c3f77086c3d

The notion of 55 stages is a Chinese Buddhist misreading of the chapters on the powers, dedications of merit, and so of the bodhisattvas on the ten stages in in Avatamska Sutra, embedded in a couple of Chinese authored texts posing as sutras.

"Conceptuality is great ignorance,
causing one to fall into the ocean of samsāra."
—Māyājālamahātantra


Update, 2021:

Also, to be fair, I think there are chapters in Shurangama Sutra that refutes Brahman view:

Two Sutras (Discourses by Buddha) on the Mistaken Views of Consciousness

Also on a sidenote, there is another sutra called Surangama Samadhi Sutra that is of Indian origin, which Malcolm considers to be authentic. I believe it is this one http://lirs.ru/lib/sutra/Pratyutpanna_and_Surangama_Samadhi_Sutras,1998,BDK25.pdf


Update 9th June 2019:

Found some passages where it's explained how Dogen shares the same view as me regarding Shurangama Sutra:

Okumura, Shohaku. The Mountains and Waters Sutra: A Practitioner's Guide to Dogen's "Sansuikyo" (p. 117). Wisdom Publications. Kindle Edition.

"Here Dōgen says that this understanding is criticized by the Great Sage — actually, he said “scolded” — because it involves separation between mind and object. The Śūraṅgama Sūtra says, “From time without beginning, all beings have mistakenly identified themselves with what they are aware of. Controlled by their experience of perceived objects, they lose track of their fundamental minds. In this state they perceive visual awareness as large or small. But when they’re in control of their experience of perceived objects, they are the same as the Thus-Come Ones. Their bodies and minds, unmoving and replete with perfect understanding, become a place for awakening. Then all the lands in the ten directions are contained within the tip of a fine hair.”66 “Controlled by their experience of perceived objects” is more literally translated as “being turned by things”; “they’re in control of their experience of perceived objects” is “they turn things.” Here self (mind) and objects (things) seem separate; sometimes the mind is turned by objects and sometimes it turns them. So this sūtra says that people can actually see things as they are. Dōgen did not like the separation between mind and objects or between turning and being turned. As I said above, our view is created in the relationship between ehō and shōhō — we can’t have a view that is not subjective. Although the Śūraṅgama Sūtra was valued in Chinese Zen tradition, Dōgen did not appreciate the sūtra.

In Hōkyōki, Dōgen asked Rujing: “Lay people read the Śūraṅgama Sūtra and the Complete Enlightenment Sūtra and say that these are the ancestral teachings transmitted from India. When I opened up these sūtras and observed their structure and style, I felt they were not as skillful as other Mahayana sūtras. This seemed strange to me. More than this, the teachings of these sūtras seemed to me to be far less than what we find in Mahayana sūtras. They seemed quite similar to the teachings of the six outsider teachers [who lived during the Buddha’s time]. How do we determine whether or not these texts are authentic?” Rujing said, “The authenticity of the Śūraṅgama Sūtra has been doubted by some people since ancient times. Some suspect that this sūtra was written by people of a later period, as the early ancestors were definitely not aware of it. But ignorant people in recent times read it and love it. The Complete Enlightenment Sūtra is also like this. Its style is similar to the Śūraṅgama Sūtra.”67

In Dharma Hall discourse 383 of Eihei Kōroku, Dōgen said, Therefore we should not look at the words and phrases of Confucius or Laozi, and should not look at the Śūraṅgama or Complete Enlightenment scriptures. [Many contemporary people consider the Śūraṅgama and Complete Enlightenment Sūtras as among those that the Zen tradition relies on. But the teacher Dōgen always disliked them.] We should exclusively study the expressions coming from the activities of buddhas and ancestors from the time of the seven world-honored buddhas68 to the present. If we are not concerned with the activities of the Buddha ancestors, and vainly make our efforts in the evil path of fame and profit, how could this be study of the way? Among the World-Honored Tathāgata, the ancestral teacher Mahākāśyapa, the twenty-eight ancestors in India, the six generations [of ancestors] in China, Qingyuan, and Nanyue [Huairang], which of these ancestral teachers ever used the Śūraṅgama or Complete Enlightenment Sūtra and considered them as the true Dharma eye treasury, wondrous mind of nirvāṇa?69

The two sentences between brackets are a note by the compiler of the volume. From these quotes, it is clear that Dōgen was consistent in criticizing the Śūraṅgama Sūtra, from the time he was in China studying with Rujing until two years before his death when he gave this lecture from Eihei Kōroku. “[E]xplaining the mind and explaining the nature” is not affirmed by the buddhas and ancestors; “seeing the mind and seeing the nature” is the business of non-Buddhists. “Explaining the mind nature” and “seeing the nature” are essential points in the Śūraṅgama Sūtra. In “explaining the mind and explaining the nature,” mind is shin (心) and nature is shō (性).70 The nature of mind is sometimes called true self, original face, true face, or even buddha nature. Some people have thought that mind-nature (shinshō, 心性) is within ourselves, hidden in this body and mind, and that discovering such mind-nature is seeing true nature or enlightenment. But Dōgen said that such an idea is not affirmed by buddhas and ancestors. The expressions “seeing the mind” (kenshin, 見心) and “seeing the nature” (kenshō, 見性) actually mean the same thing. Dōgen Zenji didn’t like the term kenshō: it implies that our self (our body and mind, the five aggregates) is separate from nature and that our (nonphysical) eyes can see it. In reality the nature cannot be seen; it cannot be the object of the subject, because the nature is ourselves. We cannot see ourselves; our eyes cannot see our eyes. There’s no way we can see the nature; that is Dōgen’s point. This word kenshō is important in Rinzai Zen and is the source of the long discussion between Sōtō and Rinzai. In Rinzai practice kenshō, “seeing the nature,” is identical with satori. But for Dōgen, satori is exactly this mountain self. The walking of the mountain is great realization, or satori. Satori is not something we can see as an object, and it’s not something we can attain.71 This actually does not disagree with genuine Rinzai teaching, only with superficial ideas of Rinzai teaching. I’ll talk about this later when Dōgen discusses incomprehensible enlightenment in the section about Yunmen Wenyan."

~ Okumura, Shohaku. The Mountains and Waters Sutra: A Practitioner's Guide to Dogen's "Sansuikyo" (p. 120). Wisdom Publications. Kindle Edition.

Update 29/6/2019:

Found another excellent passage by Zen Master Shohaku Okumura.

https://global.sotozen-net.or.jp/eng/dharma/pdf/36e.pdf

Rujing said that authenticity of The Shurangama Sutra has been questioned from ancient times, therefore ancestral masters in the early times never read this sutra. Anyway, Dogen has a doubt about the authenticity and quality of The Surangama Sutra and The Complete Enlightenment Sutra. Those are sutras I have introduced as the foundation of Zhongmi's and Xuansha’s usage of “one bright jewel”.

Dogen gives the question to his teacher. This is a very serious question. Dogen thinks that the teachings in these sutras are similar with the six outsider teachers. This means the sutras advocate non-Buddhist teachings such as Senika’s theory, which Dogen introduces in Bendowa. In this case, to be non-Buddhist means to go against the Buddha’s teaching of anatman (no permanent self). The teaching of the metaphor of the mani jewel (one bright jewel) which is permanent and never changes, even though the surface color is changing is, according to Dogen, nothing other than atman. That is the problem in Dogen’s question. He is asking whether the theory included in these two sutras can be considered to be authentic Buddhist teaching or not.

This is a conversation that happened when Dogen was twenty-five years old. In China, it seems that the authenticity of these two sutras has not been questioned. However in Japan, in the 8th century, some Hosso School (Japanese Yogacara School) monks doubted whether The Surangama Sutra is an authentic sutra from India or not. Dogen and his teacher Rujing had the same question. In modern times, almost all Japanese Buddhist scholars think that The Surangama Sutra and The Complete Enlightenment Sutra were written in China.

The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism says the following about the authenticity of The Surangama Sutra:

Although Zhisheng assumed the Surangama sutra was a genuine Indian scripture, the fact that no Sanskrit manuscript of the text is known to exist, as well as the inconsistencies in the stories about its transmission to China, have led scholars for centuries to question the scripture’s authenticity. There is also internal evidence of the scripture’s Chinese provenance, such as the presence of such indigenous Chinese philosophical concepts as yin-yan cosmology and the five elements (wuxing) theory, the stylistic beauty of the literary Chinese in which the text is written, etc. For these and other reasons, the Surangama sutra is now generally recognized to be a Chinese apocryphal composition. 2

However, Chinese masters don’t agree. There is a Chinese temple in San Francisco named Golden Mountain Temple, and it has a big community called the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas in Ukiah, Northern California. The founder of that temple, Ven. Master Hsuan Hua, opposed those modern scholars:

“Where the Surangama Sutra exists, then the Proper Dharma exists. If the Surangama Sutra ceases to exist, then the Proper Dharma will also vanish. If the Surangama Sutra is inauthentic, then I vow to fall into the Hell of Pulling Tongues to undergo uninterrupted suffering.” 3 In a subsequent section of the introduction to the Surangama Sutra, Ron Epstein and David Rounds argue that it was written in India.4

So there is a controversy. Since I am not a Buddhist scholar, I cannot discuss which is right. Anyway, we are studying Dogen’s Shobogenzo, we need to hear what Dogen has to say on this point. We need to understand that Dogen questions not only about whether the Surangama Sutra was written in India or China but also whether the core teaching in the sutra is non-Buddhist theory.

Dogen’s criticism in Eihei Koroku

Not only when he was young, but also in his later years, he repeats the same opinion regarding the two sutras in his Dharma discourse number 383 in Eihei Koroku (Dogen’s Extensive Record), the collection that includes more than five hundred formal discourses by Dogen. Because this is a long discourse on Dogen’s disagreement with the theory of the identity of the three teachings (Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism), I will only quote one paragraph of just a few sentences:

Therefore we should not look at the words and phrases of Confucius or Lao Tsu, and should not look at the Surangama or Complete Enlightenment Scriptures. (Many contemporary people consider the Surangama and Complete Enlightenment Sutras as among those that the Zen tradition relies on. But the teacher Dogen always disliked them.) We should exclusively study the expressions coming from the activities of buddhas and ancestors from the time of the seven world-honored Buddhas to the present. If we are not concerned with the activities of the buddha ancestors, and vainly make our efforts in the evil path of fame and profit, how could this be study of the Way? Among the World-Honored Tathagata, the ancestral teacher Mahakashyapa, the twenty-eight ancestors in India, the six generations [of ancestors] in China, Qingyuan, and Nanyue [Huirang], which of these ancestral teachers ever used the Surangama or Complete Enlightenment Sutra and considered them as the true Dharma eye treasury, wondrous mind of nirvana? 5

The italic sentences in the parenthesis are a note made by Gien, a disciple of Dogen who compiled volume 5 of Eihei Koruku. It is clear that he continued to dislike these two sutras even when he was past his youth.

Dogen criticizes not only the two sutras but Guifeng Zongmi’s essential points in Dharma discourse number 447 of Eiheikoroku:

I can remember Guifeng Zongmi said, “The quality of knowing is the gateway of all excellence.”

Zen master Huanrong Shixin [wuxin] said, “The quality of knowing is the gateway of all evil.” Later students have recited what these two previous worthies said, without stopping up to today. Because of this, ignorant people have wanted to discuss which is correct, and for hundreds of years have either used or discarded one or the other thing. Nevertheless, Zongmi’s saying that knowing is the gateway of all excellence has not yet emerged from the pit of those outside the way. What is called knowledge is certainly neither excellent nor course. As for Huanlong [Shixin]’s saying that knowing is a gateway of all evil, what is called knowledge is certainly neither evil nor good.

Today, I, Eihei would like to examine those two people's sayings. Great Assembly would you like to clearly understand the point of this?

After a pause Dogen said: If the great ocean knew it was full, the hundreds of rivers would all flow upstream.6

It is clear that Dogen knows what Guifeng Zongmi wrote about the one bright jewel. Zongmi said that everything good came from this knowing (chi) or the spiritual intelligence that is nothing other than the one bright jewel. Dogen also quotes another Zen master, Huanrong Shixin. They said completely opposite things and Dogen made a comment about these two opposite sayings. Dogen says Zongmi’s saying has not yet emerged from the pit of those outside the way. This “pit of those outside the way” means the trap of non-Buddhist theory. Dogen is saying that Zongmi’s saying is non-Buddhist teaching. This dharma discourse 447 was probably given when Dogen was around 50 years old, a few years before his death. Dogen still thinks Guifeng Zongmi’s teaching based on the two sutras was not Buddhist.

After a pause he said, “If the great ocean knew it was full, the hundreds of rivers would all flow upstream.” The ocean will never fill up, so water can flow from the mountains to the ocean continuously. However, if the ocean becomes full, water needs to flow towards the mountains. Such a thing can never happen. From these sayings of Dogen, it is clear to me that Dogen does not agree with what Guifeng Zongmi had written using the analogy of “one bright jewel”.

Dogen’s Comment on The Surangama Sutra in Shobogenzo Tenhorin (Turning the Dharma Wheel).

In Shoboenzo Tenhorin (Turning the Dharma Wheel) written in 1244, Dogen discusses several Zen masters’ comments on an expression from the Surangama Sutra as follows:

The expression quoted now, that “when a person exhibits the truth and returns to the origin, space in the ten directions totally disappears” is an expression in the Surangama Sutra. This same phrase has been discussed by several Buddhist patriarchs. Consequently, this phrase is truly the bones and marrow of Buddhist patriarchs, and the eyes of Buddhist patriarchs. My intention in saying so is as follows: Some insist that the ten-fascicle version of the Surangama Sutra is a forged sutra while others insist that it is not a forged sutra. The two arguments have persisted from the distant past until today. There is the older translation and there is the new translation; the version that is doubted is [not these but] a translation produced during the Shinryu era. However, Master Goso [Ho]en, Master Bussho [Ho]tai, and my late Master Tendo, the eternal Buddha, have each quoted the above phrase already. So, this phrase has already been turned in the Dharma wheel of Buddhist patriarchs; it is the Buddhist Patriarch’s Dharma wheel turning.7

The translation produced in the first year of the Shinryu era (Shenlong in 705 CE) is the ten fascicle version of the Surangama Sutra. The older ones are entitled Surangama-samadhi sutra, translated by Kumarajiva; this is a different sutra from the Surangama Sutra, which is a Chinese apocryphal scripture. Here Dogen doubts the authenticity of the Surangama Sutra, but he says that once a sentence from the sutra is quoted and used by ancestors to express the Dharma, the statement can be thought of as turning the Dharma wheel.

Similar criticism in Bendowa, Question Ten

In Bendowa and Shobogenzo Sokushinzebutsu (The Mind itself is Buddha), Dogen criticized the theory that the mind-nature is permanent and forms are arising and perishing. This teaching is what Dogen thought came from the same ideas Zongmi wrote based on the Surangama Sutra and the Complete Enlightenment Sutra. I think that to clearly understand Dogen’s points in these two writings, it is important to know why Dogen does not appreciate these two sutras. Question ten in Bendowa is about the problem. First Dogen formulated the question, then he wrote the reply to the question.

[Question 10] Someone has said, “Do not grieve over life and death. There is an instantaneous means for separating from life and death. It is to understand the principle that mind-nature is permanent. This means that even though the body that is born will inevitably be carried into death, still this mind-nature never perishes. If you really understand that the mind-nature existing in our body is not subject to birth and death, then since it is the original nature, although the body is only a temporary form haphazardly born here and dying, the mind is permanent and unchangeable in the past, present and future. To know this is called release from life and death. Those who know this principle will forever extinguish their rounds of life and death and when their bodies perish they enter into the ocean of original nature. When they stream into this ocean, they are truly endowed with the same wondrous virtues as the Buddha-Tathagatas. Now, even though you know this, because your body was produced by the delusory karma of previous lives, you are not the same as the sages. Those who do not yet know this must forever transmigrate within the realm of life and death. Consequently, you need comprehend only the permanence of mind-nature. What can you expect from vainly spending your whole life doing quiet sitting? “Is such an opinion truly in accord with the way of buddhas and ancestors?”

Life and death in this case refers to transmigration within samsara. In this teaching, we don’t need to grieve over suffering in samsara, and we don’t need to practice. This mind nature is shinsho (心性), shin is “mind;” sho is “nature.” This is one of the expressions Guifeng Zongmi used. We should see the permanence of mind-nature. Even though phenomenal body and mind are impermanent, this mind-nature is permanent. Just to see the permanence of mind-nature is an instantaneous method to become free from suffering. If this is true, it’s pretty easy to be released from samsara. We don’t need to practice. This theory says that our life with this body is like a river. Until the river reaches the ocean, we are living as individual persons and experiencing different things and we attach to certain things and we hate certain things and we suffer. But once we return to the ocean, we become free from the body. The body is the source of delusions, but this mind nature is always pure. When this mind-nature returns to the ocean of original nature, we are free from the suffering of samsara and become like buddhas. Why do we have to go through a difficult practice such as zazen?

According to this theory, we don’t need to practice. We just need to know that mind nature is permanent and undefiled, and even if we don’t practice at all, when we die we become buddhas. This is an interesting teaching. As long as we are living, we’re no good, and our practice doesn’t work. What we have to do is wait until we die. Then we become buddhas. It seems easy. However, this means that as long as we are alive we are deluded and we have to suffer. I don’t think this is an easy way of life.

Bendowa: reply to Question Ten

Dogen makes up this question and replies by himself as follows:

The idea you have just mentioned is not Buddha-dharma at all, but the fallacious view of Senika.

This fallacy says that there is a spiritual intelligence in one’s body which discriminates love and hatred or right and wrong as soon as it encounters phenomena, and has the capacity to distinguish all such things as pain and itching or suffering and pleasure. Furthermore, when this body perishes, the spirit nature escapes and is born elsewhere. Therefore although it seems to expire here, since [the spiritual nature] is born somewhere, it is said to be permanent, never perishing. Such is this fallacious doctrine. However to learn this theory and suppose it is buddha-dharma is more stupid than grasping a tile or a pebble and thinking it is a golden treasure. Nothing can compare to the shamefulness of this idiocy. National teacher Echu of Tang China strictly admonished [against this mistake]. So now isn’t it ridiculous to consider that the erroneous view of mind as permanent and material form as impermanent is the same as the wondrous dharma of the buddhas, and to think that you become free from life and death when actually you are arousing the fundamental cause of life and death? This indeed is most pitiful. Just realize that this is a mistaken view. You should give no ear to it.9

Senika is one of the non-Buddhist teachers that appears in the Mahayana Parinirvana Sutra. What Dogen says here in Bendowa is the same as what he says in Eihei Koroku; this theory that insists that mind-nature is permanent is the same as the non-Buddhist teaching.

This spiritual intelligence is a translation of reichi (霊知) and that is exactly the same word that Guifeng Zongmi used to describe “one bright jewel” in his writing when he compared the four lineages of Zen in the Tang Dynasty. When this spiritual intelligence encounters a certain object, it creates some discrimination. This spiritual nature escapes from our body when we die as the owner of a house goes out when the house is burned and gets a new house. Dogen repeats exactly the same discussion in Shobogenzo Sokushin-zebutsu (The Mind Itself is Buddha). There he quotes a long conversation between Nanyan Huizhong (Nanyo Echu, 13675-775) regarding the same theory of Senika. The expression “mind itself is Buddha” is by Mazu (Baso), a disciple of Nanyan’s Dharma brother Nanyue Huairang (Nangaku Ejo, 677-744). Dogen does not agree with the teaching of Guifeng Zongmi written in his text. If we interpret Xuansha’s saying, “The entire ten-direction world is one bright8jewel,” according to the same usage of the analogy that appeared in Zongmi’s writing, then probably Dogen didn’t agree with it. What is Dogen’s understanding of Xuansa’s statement? Is there any difference between what Xuansha said and Dogen’s interpretation of Xuansha’s saying? This is the point of studying Shobogenzo Ikkamyoju (One Bright Jewel). What I have been discussing is a kind of preparation before starting to read Dogen’s insight about this analogy of “one bright jewel”.

Dogen is really a difficult person with whom to practice. In a sense, he’s so stubborn and picky. Many Zen texts agree with this theory in these sutras and Zongmi’s. Dogen is a very unusual and unique Zen master. To be his student is a difficult thing.

Shodoka, a poem by Yongjia Xuanjue

I pointed to the examples of usage of this analogy of “one bright jewel” in Zen Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty. I think Dogen didn’t agree the theory behind the expressions. He needed to make his own interpretation of what this bright jewel is. Obviously this bright jewel is a metaphor of Buddha nature, bussho in Japanese. We need to understand what Dogen’s understanding of Buddha nature is.

Before I start to read the text, I’d like to introduce one more example of the same kind of idea in one of the famous pieces of Zen literature written in the Tang Dynasty. This is a very well known and important poem written by Yongjia Xuanjue (Yoka Genkaku, 665-713). This person was another disciple of the Sixth Ancestor Huineng (Eno, 638-713), and yet he stayed with Huineng only one night. On the day he visited the Sixth Ancestor, he attained enlightenment and he left. He is a Dharma brother of Nanyan Huizhong and Nanyue Huairang. He used to be a Tendai monk, a great scholar and also a very skillful poet. He wrote a long poem entitled Shodoka (Song of Enlightenment of the Way).

I found a translation by D. T Suzuki. In this poem Yongjia Xuanjue wrote about this metaphor of mani jewel as follows:

The whereabouts of the precious mani-jewel is not known to people generally, Which lies deeply buried in the recesses of the Tathagata-garbha;

The six-fold function miraculously performed by it is an illusion and yet not an illusion,

The rays of light emanating from one perfect sun belong to the realm of form and yet not to it.10

As it is generally said, people don’t see this bright jewel. It is something hidden deeply within us. In this translation it says “the sixfold function miraculously performed by it…” Six-fold function refers to the function of the six sense organs when they encounter the six14 objects of sense organs. This refers to what we do every day, the things happening between subject and object such as seeing, hearing, sensing and knowing. All these things we do are done by this hidden bright jewel, Buddha Nature. This bright jewel is the subject of seeing, hearing, etc.

D.T. Suzuki translates, “…is an illusion and yet not an illusion.” I’m not sure if this is the right translation or not. The original word Xuanjue used is ku (􀀄) and fuku (􀀇􀀄). Ku is “emptiness” and fuku is “not emptiness.” This means that the conditioned color of blackness is empty but the bright jewel itself is not empty but substance as Zongmi said.

The next line, “The rays of light emanating from one perfect sun belong to the realm of form and yet not to it,” is like this in Chinese:􀀂􀀈􀀃􀀅􀀆􀀇􀀆􀀁􀀂􀀈 is the same word as ikkain ikka-myoju, which means “one piece”. Even though D.T. Suzuki translated it as “perfect sun,” I think this “one-piece” refers to the mani jewel. 􀀆􀀇􀀆(shiki fu-shiki) is form and not form. I would translate this line : The perfect light of the one [bright jewel] is both form and not-form.

Of course ku and shiki came from the Heart Sutra, “shiki soku ze ku, ku soku ze shiki”. That is what this means. “Not ku” means shiki and “not shiki” means ku, so ku and shiki interpenetrate each other. That is what is said in the Heart Sutra. Form is nothing other than emptiness and emptiness is nothing other than form. The function between subject and object are performed by this hidden bright jewel. And these are at the same time emptiness (conditioned color) and not emptiness (bright jewel) and the light of the bright jewel is both form and yet not-form. That is what is written in this poem. So here we can see a kind of a combination between the teaching of emptiness and the theory of tathagata-garbha (buddha nature). The author of this poem or the theory in the Surangama Sutra and the Perfect Enlightenment Sutra combined these two. In a sense, this theory is an integration or mixture of theory of emptiness, Yogacara’s consciousness only, and tathagata-garbha.

Dogen’s Understanding of the Bright Jewel

This poem is still considered as a classic of Zen Buddhism and no one thinks that this is a heretical teaching. This is considered an authentic Zen teaching. Probably Dogen is a rare Zen master who didn’t like this idea. The interactions of our six sense organs and the six objects of the sense organs are something we carry out day-to-day. Yet this poem says that there is something which is hidden and that that hidden thing called tathagata-garbha (buddha nature) is the subject that performs these day-to-day things. Here are two layers of reality; one is phenomena and another is probably, in Western philosophical world, called noumenon. Buddha Nature in this case is noumenon and things happening between subject and object are phenomena, and these phenomenal things are a function of the noumenon. That is the basic structure of this idea. I think this is what Dogen didn’t like, probably because viewing it from his practice of zazen, this theory is dualistic. There is the duality of phenomena and noumenon, or Buddha nature15and our day-to-day activities or one bright jewel and its conditioned black color. That is, I think, the basic problem for Dogen; thus he thinks this theory is not in accord with Buddhist teaching.

Then, in the case of Dogen, what is this bright jewel? I think, the bright jewel in Dogen’s teaching is like a drop of water that is illuminated by moonlight. In the case of the structure of the theory of noumenon and phenomena, there’s no relation between phenomenal things. But as Dogen defines delusion and realization in his Genjokoan, delusion and realization are only within the relationship between self and myriad dharmas. In Genjokoan, Dogen used the word jiko(􀀂􀀁) and banpo(􀀄􀀃), and he said that conveying the self toward myriad things and carry out practice-enlightenment is delusion, and all myriad things coming toward the self and carrying out practice-enlightenment through the self is realization.

In Shobogenzo Sokushinzebutsu (The Mind is itself Buddha), Dogen quotes Nanyan Huizong’s conversation with a monk from the south who criticizes the Zen teaching in the south, saying that the theory is the same as Senika’s, the non-Buddhist. Then the monk from the south asked Huizong, “Then what is the ancient Buddha mind?” Huizong replied, “Fences, walls, tiles and pebbles.” Dogen quotes this saying in Shobogenzo Kobutsushin (The Ancient Buddha Mind) and says at the end of Sokushinzebutsu, “The mind that has been authentically transmitted is one-mind is all things and all things are one-mind.” Here there is no duality between noumenon (the bright jewel) and phenomenal things (black color). I think Huizong and Dogen mention the interconnectedness of phenomenal things within the network of Indra’s Net.

It’s not a matter of there being Buddha nature that is like a diamond inside the self and to find this diamond is realization. Dogen doesn’t like this idea. If this is the case, our practice is to find something inside ourselves, and we would be able to attain so-called realization or enlightenment when we’ve found this inner diamond. Then it would have nothing to do with our relationship with others. But in the case of Dogen, practice-enlightenment is to transform the way of our life. Transformation of our life can be only within the relationship between self and myriad things.

In the same writing (Genjokoan), he says that the self is like a drop of water; it’s a tiny thing, and it is impermanent. The moonlight is the light of myriad dharmas. The self is a part of the network of interconnectedness of myriad things. This way of existing is the bright jewel. The bright jewel is not a permanent noumenon. We and all myriad things are born, stay for a while, and disappear; nothing is permanent. And yet this tiny drop of water is illuminated by all dharmas. There are numerous things and they are all interconnected with each other. Without this connection, this tiny drop of water cannot exist even for one moment. This bright jewel is like a knot of Indra’s net and each knot is a bright jewel. This bright jewel or drop of water is illuminated by everything, and this bright jewel or drop of water also illuminates everything. In this case,16this self is a part of the moonlight. This is like five fingers and one hand. One hand is simply a collection of five fingers. One hand is not a noumenon of five fingers. Practice-enlightenment or delusion and realization exist only within this relationship between self and all other beings. There is the difference of framework between the one bright jewel as noumenon and as a part of interdependent origination. I think this is the point Dogen wants to show us.

When Dogen interprets Xuansha’s saying, “This entire ten-direction world is one bright jewel,” he is talking about the relationship between self and myriad things within the structure of the network of interdependent origination.

Everything is reflected in one thing and, because this is a net, when we touch the one knot we touch the entire net. There is no separation between self and myriad things. It’s really one seamless reality. And yet within our views it seems subject and object are separate. Unless we understand this point and interpret the title “One Bright Jewel,” we don’t really understand what Dogen is talking about and why he had to say it in this way. Dogen’s interpretation might be different from what Xuansha expressed with this expression as I interpreted in the last issue based on Zongmi’s comparison of the four lineages.


Update 2025:

Nafis shared:

2025

Nafis: Japan. The Japanese Zen Buddhist Dōgen held that the sutra was not an authentic Indian text.[8] But he also drew on the text, commenting on the Śūraṅgama verse "when someone gives rise to Truth by returning to the Source, the whole of space in all ten quarters falls away and vanishes" as follows: This verse has been cited by various Buddhas and Ancestors alike. Up to this very day, this verse is truly the Bones and Marrow of the Buddhas and Ancestors. It is the very Eye of the Buddhas and Ancestors. As to my intention in saying so, there are those who say that the ten-fascicle Shurangama Scripture is a spurious scripture, whereas others say that it is a genuine Scripture: both views have persisted from long in the past down to our very day [...] Even were the Scripture a spurious one, if [Ancestors] continue to offer its turning, then it is a genuine Scripture of the Buddhas and Ancestors, as well as the Dharma Wheel intimately associated with Them.

Soh: Yes i agree. Ven hui lu gave many lectures on shurangama sutra also. But he does not turn it into advaita.

Nafis: There's a newer commentary on the Shurangama sutra that was published in 2022, the quality seemed better than Hsuan Hua but I haven't had the opportunity to go through it. The foreword is by Norman Fischer who is post-anatta: https://www.amazon.com/That-Not-Your-Mind-Reflections/dp/1645470792/ Also endorsed by Barry Magid and Joan Halifax. I checked his biography just now, it seems that he received dharma transmission from the same teacher as Shinshu Roberts.

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